Reenvisioning Clinical Science

Onken, Lisa Simon; Carroll, Kathleen M.; Shoham, Varda; Cuthbert, Bruce N.; Riddle, Melissa

doi:10.1177/2167702613497932

Cited by 604 publications

(355 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…Despite these limitations, our findings align closely with the objectives of a Stage Ia feasibility and acceptability study within the NIH Stage Model (Onken et al, 2014). An important strength with our study was that we were able to obtain quantitative and qualitative data surrounding the acceptability of using wearable devices and smartphones for activity tracking from the 8 participants who completed the 6-month program as well as the 3 participants who dropped out.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…To guide the current exploratory study, we applied the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Stage Model of Behavioral Therapies Research (Onken, Carroll, Shoham, Cuthbert, & Riddle, 2014). According to this model, our exploratory study is classified as a Stage Ia study because the primary aim was to assess intervention acceptability by eliciting perspectives from the target population through surveys and in-depth interviews (Rounsaville, Carroll, & Onken, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wearable devices and smartphones for activity tracking among people with serious mental illness

Naslund

Aschbrenner

Bartels

2016

Mental Health and Physical Activity

105

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Introduction People with serious mental illness, including schizophrenia spectrum and mood disorders, are more physically inactive than people from the general population. Emerging wearable devices and smartphone applications afford opportunities for promoting physical activity in this group. This exploratory mixed methods study obtained feedback from participants with serious mental illness to assess the acceptability of using wearable devices and smartphones to support a lifestyle intervention targeting weight loss. Methods Participants with serious mental illness and obesity enrolled in a 6-month lifestyle intervention were given Fitbit activity tracking devices and smartphones to use for the study. Participants completed quantitative post-intervention usability and satisfaction surveys, and provided qualitative feedback regarding acceptability of using these devices and recommendations for improvement through in-depth interviews. Results Eleven participants wore Fitbits for an average of 84.7% (SD=18.1%) of the days enrolled in the study (median=93.8% of the days enrolled, interquartile range=83.6–94.3%). Participants were highly satisfied, stating that the devices encouraged them to be more physically active and were useful for self-monitoring physical activity and reaching daily step goals. Some participants experienced challenges using the companion mobile application on the smartphone, and recommended greater technical support, more detailed training, and group tutorials prior to using the devices. Discussion Participants’ perspectives highlight the feasibility and acceptability of using commercially available mHealth technologies to support health promotion efforts targeting people with serious mental illness. This study offers valuable insights for informing future research to assess the effectiveness of these devices for improving health outcomes in this high-risk group.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wearable devices and smartphones for activity tracking among people with serious mental illness

Naslund

Aschbrenner

Bartels

2016

Mental Health and Physical Activity

105

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…These are important considerations for smokers who may feel embarrassed or ashamed about being a smoker or who may also have other stigmatizing health conditions. Given the widespread use of social media, even among population groups at disproportionately elevated risk for tobacco use 4,21,44,45 , there may be opportunities to leverage these popular online platforms to support smoking cessation among those at greatest risk. However, in this review, we did not identify any studies of social media for smoking cessation among vulnerable population groups such as people with mental illness or other disabilities, though we believe that this is an important area for future investigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic review of social media interventions for smoking cessation

Naslund

Kim

Aschbrenner³

et al. 2017

Addictive Behaviors

153

109

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Background Popular social media could extend the reach of smoking cessation efforts. In this systematic review, our objectives were: 1) to determine whether social media interventions for smoking cessation are feasible, acceptable, and potentially effective; 2) to identify approaches for recruiting subjects; and 3) to examine the specific intervention design components and strategies employed to promote user engagement and retention. Methods We searched Scopus, Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Central, PsychINFO, CINAHL, and Web of Science through July 2016 and reference lists of relevant articles. Included studies described social media interventions for smoking cessation and must have reported outcomes related to feasibility, acceptability, usability, or smoking-related outcomes. Results We identified 7 studies (all were published since 2014) that enrolled 9755 participants (median=136 [range 40 to 9042]). Studies mainly used Facebook (n=4) or Twitter (n=2), and emerged as feasible and acceptable. Five studies reported smoking-related outcomes such as greater abstinence, reduction in relapse, and an increase in quit attempts. Most studies (n=6) recruited participants using online or Facebook advertisements. Tailored content, targeted reminders, and moderated discussions were used to promote participant engagement. Three studies found that active participation through posting comments or liking content may be associated with improved outcomes. Retention ranged from 35% to 84% (median=70%) across the included studies. Conclusions Our review highlights the feasibility, acceptability and preliminary effectiveness of social media interventions for smoking cessation. Future research should continue to explore approaches for promoting user engagement and retention, and whether sustained engagement translates to clinically meaningful smoking cessation outcomes.

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“…These methodological and other challenges related to the realities of today's healthcare environment, highlight the need for researchers to expand upon and integrate alternative behavioral therapy research methods to further address and supplement the narrow utility associated with RCT findings (Kazdin, 2007; Onken, Carroll, Shoham, Cuthbert, & Riddle, 2014). The high cost and restricted capacity for inquiry of the RCT design underscore the need for statistical innovations that enable researchers to answer pre-planned questions about mediation and subgroup effects through secondary analyses, particularly if the secondary outcomes can be used to inform the design of subsequent, more targeted studies.…”

Section: Randomized Control Trials: Burnishing the Gold Standardmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maximizing Effectiveness Trials in PTSD and SUD Through Secondary Analysis: Benefits and Limitations Using the National Institute on Drug Abuse Clinical Trials Network "Women and Trauma" Study as a Case Example

Hien¹,

Campbell²,

Ruglass³

et al. 2015

Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment

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Recent federal legislation and a renewed focus on integrative care models underscore the need for economical, effective, and science-based behavioral health care treatment. As such, maximizing the impact and reach of treatment research is of great concern. Behavioral health issues, including the frequent co-occurrence of substance use disorders (SUD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), are often complex, with a myriad of factors contributing to the success of interventions. Although treatment guides for comorbid SUD/PTSD exist, most patients continue to suffer symptoms following the prescribed treatment course. Further, the study of efficacious treatments has been hampered by methodological challenges (e.g., overreliance on “superiority” designs (i.e., designs structured to test whether or not one treatment statistically surpasses another in terms of effect sizes) and short term interventions). Secondary analyses of randomized controlled clinical trials offer potential benefits to enhance understanding of findings and increase the personalization of treatment. This paper offers a description of the limits of randomized controlled trials as related to SUD/PTSD populations, highlights the benefits and potential pitfalls of secondary analytic techniques, and uses a case example of one of the largest effectiveness trials of behavioral treatment for co-occurring SUD/PTSD conducted within the National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network (NIDA CTN) and producing 19 publications. The paper concludes with implications of this secondary analytic approach to improve addiction researchers’ ability to identify best practices for community-based treatment of these disorders. Innovative methods are needed to maximize the benefits of clinical studies and better support SUD/PTSD treatment options for both specialty and non-specialty healthcare settings. Moving forward, planning for and description of secondary analyses in randomized trials should be given equal consideration and care to the primary outcome analysis.

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Reenvisioning Clinical Science

Cited by 604 publications

References 83 publications

Wearable devices and smartphones for activity tracking among people with serious mental illness

Wearable devices and smartphones for activity tracking among people with serious mental illness

Systematic review of social media interventions for smoking cessation

Maximizing Effectiveness Trials in PTSD and SUD Through Secondary Analysis: Benefits and Limitations Using the National Institute on Drug Abuse Clinical Trials Network "Women and Trauma" Study as a Case Example

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