Reemerging Sudan Ebola Virus Disease in Uganda, 2011

Shoemaker, Trevor; MacNeil, Adam; Balinandi, Stephen; Campbell, Shelley; Wamala, Joseph F.; McMullan, Laura K.; Downing, Robert; Lutwama, Julius J.; Mbidde, Edward; Ströher, Ute; Rollin, Pierre E.; Nichol, Stuart T.

doi:10.3201/eid1809.111536

Cited by 93 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In the second ebola outbreak in Uganda which occurred in Bundibugyo district in 2007 laboratory confirmation was carried out by CDC Atlanta. The two Luwero outbreaks in 2011 12 and 2012 13 together with the Kibaale outbreak of 2012 were all confirmed by the Uganda Virus Research Institute. Figure 1 Ebola affected districts, Uganda, 2000-2012 The ebola outbreak of 2000 occurred in Gulu district ( Fig 1) in northern Uganda.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 83%

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Managing Ebola from rural to urban slum settings: experiences from Uganda

Okware¹,

Omaswa²,

Talisuna³

et al. 2015

Afr H. Sci.

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Background: Five outbreaks of ebola occurred in Uganda between 2000-2012. The outbreaks were quickly contained in rural areas. However, the Gulu outbreak in 2000 was the largest and complex due to insurgency. It invaded Gulu municipality and the slum-like camps of the internally displaced persons (IDPs). The Bundigugyo district outbreak followed but was detected late as a new virus. The subsequent outbreaks in the districts of Luwero district (2011, 2012) and Kibaale (2012) were limited to rural areas. Methods: Detailed records of the outbreak presentation, cases, and outcomes were reviewed and analyzed. Each outbreak was described and the outcomes examined for the different scenarios. Results: Early detection and action provided the best outcomes and results. The ideal scenario occurred in the Luwero outbreak during which only a single case was observed. Rural outbreaks were easier to contain. The community imposed quarantine prevented the spread of ebola following introduction into Masindi district. The outbreak was confined to the extended family of the index case and only one case developed in the general population. However, the outbreak invasion of the town slum areas escalated the spread of infection in Gulu municipality. Community mobilization and leadership was vital in supporting early case detection and isolations well as contact tracing and public education. Conclusion: Palliative care improved survival. Focusing on treatment and not just quarantine should be emphasized as it also enhanced public trust and health seeking behavior. Early detection and action provided the best scenario for outbreak containment. Community mobilization and leadership was vital in supporting outbreak control. International collaboration was essential in supporting and augmenting the national efforts.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…She developed vaginal bleeding and deteriorated and died the following day. The laboratory results from the Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe confirmed the Sudan Ebola subtype 12 . The results were communicated quickly to the community on the media and on mobile phones.…”

Section: Examples Of Successful Mobilisation: the Critical Role Of Thmentioning

confidence: 92%

Managing Ebola from rural to urban slum settings: experiences from Uganda

Okware¹,

Omaswa²,

Talisuna³

et al. 2015

Afr H. Sci.

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“…Suspected samples are submitted for testing from throughout Uganda and regionally from east Africa and central Africa. To date, this has led to confirmation of 16 independent viral haemorrhagic fever outbreaks, and includes three outbreaks of Ebola virus disease in 2011 2 and 2012, three outbreaks of Marburg virus disease in 2012, 3 2014, 4 and 2017, six outbreaks of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in 2013, 2015, and 2017, and four independent outbreaks of Rift Valley fever in 2016 5 and 2017. No human cases of Rift Valley fever have been detected between 1968 and the 2016 outbreak.…”

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confidence: 87%

Impact of enhanced viral haemorrhagic fever surveillance on outbreak detection and response in Uganda

Shoemaker

Balinandi

Tumusiime

et al. 2018

The Lancet Infectious Diseases

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“…7 This was the first time that symptomatic patients with EVD had been cared for outside Africa, but staff at Emory University Hospital were well trained to manage dangerous infectious diseases safely and worked closely with experts from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), who had extensive experience in management of EVD outbreaks in Africa. 8 The CDC Director, Dr Tom Frieden, reassured Americans that the risk of spread within the US was minimal, so long as standard infection prevention and control (IPC) practices were scrupulously observed. 7 Soon, more EVD-infected foreign aid workers were being evacuated to Europe or North America, one of whom was a Spanish priest who died a few days after being transferred to Madrid.…”

Section: Outbreakmentioning

confidence: 99%

Australia’s response to Ebola virus disease in West Africa, 2014–15

Gilbert

2016

Public Health Res Pr

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In March 2016, the World Health Organization declared the 2014-15 Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak officially over. With around 29 000 cases and 11 000 deaths in 27 months, this EVD outbreak was more than 60 times larger than any before, and unique in its cross-border spread and involvement of urban centres.Local and international responses were slow and initially inadequate, but establishment of the United Nations Mission for Ebola Emergency Response, 9 months after the outbreak began, allowed a coordinated effort that slowed and eventually controlled the spread of disease. Internationally, there were fears that EVD would spread widely beyond Africa, despite reassurances from public health authorities. However, after nurses in the US became infected, public fear and concern for the safety of healthcare workers led to political intervention and varied, sometimes excessive, border controls, quarantine arrangements and hospital preparations. Altogether, fewer than 30 EVD cases were managed in countries outside Africa, all but three of which were acquired in West Africa.

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Reemerging Sudan Ebola Virus Disease in Uganda, 2011

Cited by 93 publications

References 14 publications

Managing Ebola from rural to urban slum settings: experiences from Uganda

Managing Ebola from rural to urban slum settings: experiences from Uganda

Impact of enhanced viral haemorrhagic fever surveillance on outbreak detection and response in Uganda

Australia’s response to Ebola virus disease in West Africa, 2014–15

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