Reel-to-reel wet coating by variation of solvents and compounds of photoactive inks for polymer solar cell production

Schrödner, M.; Sensfuß, Steffi; Schache, Hannes; Schultheis, K.; Welzel, Thomas; Heinemann, K.; Milker, Roland; Marten, Jan; Blankenburg, Lars

doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2012.06.048

Cited by 34 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…However, only a couple of papers has been published to date on coated cells based on this blend. In particular, Schrödner et al report efficiencies up to 3.2% for an indium tin oxide (ITO)/Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)–poly(styrenesulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS)/P3HT:ICBA/calcium/aluminium architecture (active area = 0.25 cm 2 ), fabricated on flexible substrates through an hybrid R2R coating/static evaporation process . Angmo et al described the fabrication of polyethylene terephthalate (PET)/Ag grids/PEDOT:PSS/zinc oxide (ZnO)/P3HT:ICBA:[60]PCBM/PEDOT:PSS/Ag grids inverted solar cells (area 0.7–1 cm 2 ) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fully Roll‐to‐Roll Printed P3HT/Indene‐C60‐Bisadduct Modules with High Open‐Circuit Voltage and Efficiency

et al. 2018

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Indene‐C60‐bisadduct (ICBA) can represent an excellent choice as an acceptor of organic solar cells due to the, at most, similar cost, higher efficiency, and higher open‐circuit voltage (VOC) obtained in small‐scale devices compared to phenyl[60]butyrate methyl ester ([60]PCBM). We have investigated ICBA in printed solar cells and assessed the upscale of the printing process to a roll‐to‐roll (R2R) pilot production. Performances of poly(3‐hexylthiophene):ICBA solar cells are confirmed to be superior compared to [60]PCBM. Using large scale 2D R2R printing techniques, with both active material systems excellent processability, reproducibility, and yield are reached. At first, ICBA based large area modules (57 cm2) showed significant loss in efficiency. However, stressing the devices by exposure to sunlight was found to lead high efficiency modules with a VOC of 0.78 V per cell and a PCE of 3.4%. This is among the highest VOC per cell values realized with fully R2R processed organic photovoltaic modules and among the highest PCEs with P3HT based R2R processed modules. Imaging techniques have allowed to identify that stressing with sunlight partially burns shunts and recovers S‐shaped behavior in the ICBA‐based modules.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fully Roll‐to‐Roll Printed P3HT/Indene‐C60‐Bisadduct Modules with High Open‐Circuit Voltage and Efficiency

et al. 2018

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“…For a flexible PSC to be chemically stable, a flexible substrate must form a barrier to penetration of oxygen and moisture. Currently, most flexible PSCs are fabricated on transparent plastic film substrate such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polycarbonate, polyimide films . However, these substrates have the disadvantage of a high water vapor transmission rate (0.1 ≤ WVTR ≤ 10 g m −2 d −1 at 25 °C), which limits the lifetime of PSCs .…”

Section: Photovoltaic Parameters Of Spin‐coated and Bar‐coated Top‐ilmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This method is not compatible with large‐scale processes, because it has limited substrate size, is not easily adapted to continuous processes, and produces a large amount of chemical waste. To demonstrate high throughput and large‐area production of the TI‐PSCs, they must be printed on a metallic substrate . However, printing techniques such as screen printing, brush painting, and conventional bar‐coating require direct contact with the metallic substrate, and can easily damage it by scratching during printing.…”

Section: Photovoltaic Parameters Of Spin‐coated and Bar‐coated Top‐ilmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We compared PCE per unit active area of our device and of previously reported printed PSCs (Figure b) . Most previous papers used an active material of poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and ([6,6]‐phenyl‐ C60‐butyric acid methyl ester) (PCBM), and a bottom‐illumination structure, and therefore most had PCE < 4%; the best PCE value was 5.8% .…”

Section: Photovoltaic Parameters Of Spin‐coated and Bar‐coated Top‐ilmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simple Bar‐Coating Process for Fabrication of Flexible Top‐Illuminated Polymer Solar Cells on Metallic Substrate

Dong

Ham

Kim

et al. 2016

Adv Materials Technologies

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printing. Moreover, TI-PSCs have shown poor photoconversion effi ciency (PCE) because of diffi culties in forming an active layer on a hydrophobic bottom refl ective electrode. [ 61 ] To realize TI-PSCs on metallic substrate, the printing method must: (1) use a simple noncontact printing technique to avoid scratching the bottom refl ective electrode, (2) be optimized to yield a uniform and reproducible active layer, and (3) be easily used in R2R processes to allow mass production. (4) Also, TI-PSCs on metallic substrate must have PCE comparable to those of TI-PSC on glass or plastic substrates. Therefore, to achieve highly effi cient R2R-processed TI-PSCs on metallic substrate, a printing process must be developed and a device structure must be designed.Hereby, we fabricated TI-PSCs on metallic substrate by using a simple bar-coating method to deposit an active layer of lowbandgap donor and fullerene acceptor (PTB7:PCBM) ( Figure 1 ). Because bar-coating, used in this work, is a noncontact printing technique, the thickness of the PTB7:PCBM layer was tuned without scratching the refl ective bottom electrode, leading to apply for large-area R2R fabrication of fl exible PSCs. To achieve a fl exible metallic substrate, we developed a simple way to prepare the Cu foil by vacuum-depositing Cu to 50 nm thickness on a glass substrate, then electroplating. The result was 100 µm thick Cu foils that could be peeled from the glass substrate, and that had chemically clean and atomically fl at surface and are lightweight, fl exible, strong, thermally stable, and have low WVTR. These advantages were exploited to demonstrate TI-PSCs. After optimizing the bar-coating process and designing the device structure, TI-PSCs were successfully fabricated on fl exible Cu foil; they had an average PCE of 5.7%, which is comparable to the PCE = 5.9% of TI-PSCs on rigid glass substrate and is the highest yet obtained by printed fl exible PSCs.Spin-coating and bar-coating were used to deposit largearea PTB7:PCBM layers. For spin-coating, 200 µL of precursor solution was dropped on the center of a glass substrate (area = 16 cm 2 ), which was then spun at 1800 rpm ( Figure 2 a). The PTB7:PCBM layer was uniform at the center, but not at the edge of the substrate because centrifugal force during spinning prevented the solution from wetting the surface. To obtain uniform layer, 600 µL of solution is required for spin-coating method ( Figure S1, Supporting Information). In contrast, barcoating 50 µL of precursor solution resulted in a conformal layer of PTB7:PCBM on a large substrate (area = 64 cm 2 ) (Figure 2 b). These results indicate that bar-coating allows the PTB7:PCBM layer to be more uniformly deposited on a larger substrate than the spin-coating method.Optical transmittance, OT (i.e., in visible spectrum 400 ≤ λ ≤ 800 nm) of bar-coated PTB7:PCBM layers decreased Flexible polymer solar cells (PSCs) are light weight, inexpensive, and compatible with large-area roll-to-roll (R2R) fabrication. [1][2][3][4][5] For a fl exible PSC to be chemicall...

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“…Until now, relatively few works developed toward the target of commercialization because of the performance reduction of PSCs devices fabricated by large-area process. There have existed several coating or printable processes used for large-area PSC fabrication, such as spray coating [3,4], ink-jet printing [5,6] and roll-to-roll (R2R) processes, doctor-blade coating [7], screen printing [8] and slot-die coating [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Among these processes, slot-die coating is the most potential candidate for the large-area and solution-processed process toward commercialization currently.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance improvement of large-area roll-to-roll slot-die-coated inverted polymer solar cell by tailoring electron transport layer

Cha

Huang

Hsu

et al. 2014

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

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Reel-to-reel wet coating by variation of solvents and compounds of photoactive inks for polymer solar cell production

Cited by 34 publications

References 65 publications

Fully Roll‐to‐Roll Printed P3HT/Indene‐C60‐Bisadduct Modules with High Open‐Circuit Voltage and Efficiency

Fully Roll‐to‐Roll Printed P3HT/Indene‐C60‐Bisadduct Modules with High Open‐Circuit Voltage and Efficiency

Simple Bar‐Coating Process for Fabrication of Flexible Top‐Illuminated Polymer Solar Cells on Metallic Substrate

Performance improvement of large-area roll-to-roll slot-die-coated inverted polymer solar cell by tailoring electron transport layer

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