“…This study focused primarily on local meaning; however, the findings are consistent with previous work conducted elsewhere in the Anglophone Caribbean, and in the US and UK with Afro-Caribbean populations. The attribution by Afro-Caribbean study participants of mental illness to drug use (see e.g., Littlewood, 1988;Rubenstein, 2000), psychological causes including stress and worry (see e.g., Littlewood, 1988;Livingston, Neita, Riviere, & Livingston, 2007), social causes such as relationship problems (see e.g., Callan & Littlewood, 1998;de Toledo & Blay, 2004;Livingston et al, 2007), and religious or spiritual causes including Obeah (see e.g., Littlewood, 1988;Morgan, Mallett, Hutchinson, & Leff, 2004), has been previously discussed, though often peripherally, in published research.…”