Reef Restoration Using Seawater Electrolysis in Jamaica

Hilbertz, Wolf

doi:10.1201/b14314-5

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Biorock coral settlement rates range from around 1 to 4 orders of magnitude higher when compared in the same units, spontaneously settling juvenile corals per square meter per month. The mean settlement rate on Biorock was 25.86 times higher than controls; (b) Linear growth rates of electrically stimulated corals [5]- [9], gorgonians [10], oysters [11]- [13], and salt marsh grass [15] versus controls. Each dot represents the average value of times series on populations of treated and control organisms.…”

Section: Published Results From Properly Designed Installed and Maimentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Since then hundreds of projects have been built all across the Caribbean, Pacific, Indian Ocean, and Southeast Asia, with most projects being in Indonesia, the global center of marine biodiversity. While slowly growing Biorock structures have been densely covered with hundreds of spontaneously recruiting corals [5] [16], only two studies have documented coral settlement on them [5] [6]. When these are compared to spontaneous recruitment of corals in natural habitats in the same units (recruits per square meter per month) the rates of settlement on electrically charged Biorock are found to be 1 to 4 orders of magnitude greater (Figure 2(a)), with a mean of 25.86 times higher than those reported from field settling experiments.…”

Section: Published Results From Properly Designed Installed and Maimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Growth rates of reef building hard corals [5]- [9], gorgonian soft coral [10], oysters [11]- [13], and salt marsh grass (Spartina alterniflora) [15] have been quantitatively compared on Biorock with identical clones off Biorock in the same habitat. The results show that the electrically stimulated organisms grow typically 2 to 10 times faster (Figure 2(b)), with a mean of 3.17 times greater than controls.…”

Section: Published Results From Properly Designed Installed and Maimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…But in addition to physical benefits the process also has profound stimulatory effects on all forms of marine life. Biorock structures have been repeatedly shown to greatly increase the settlement, healing, growth, survival, and resistance to stresses such as extreme high temperatures, sedimentation, and eutrophication in stony corals [5]- [9], soft corals [10], oysters [11]- [13], sea grasses [14], and intertidal salt marsh grasses [15]. Many other organisms, including clams, tunicates, sponges, and fishes have also been observed to greatly increase their populations in electrical fields, but few measurements have been made on them to date.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrical Stimulation Greatly Increases Settlement, Growth, Survival, and Stress Resistance of Marine Organisms

Goreau¹

2014

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Increasing stress from global warming, sea level rise, acidification, sedimentation, pollution, and unsustainable practices have degraded the most critical coastal ecosystems including coral reefs, oyster reefs, and salt marshes. Conventional restoration methods work only under perfect conditions, but fail nearly completely when the water becomes too hot or water quality deteriorates. New methods are needed to greatly increase settlement, growth, survival, and resistance to environmental stress of keystone marine organisms in order to maintain critical coastal ecosystem functions including shore protection, fisheries, and biodiversity. Electrolysis methods have been applied to marine ecosystem restoration since 1976, with spectacular results (Figures 1(a)-(c)). This paper provides the first overall review of the data. Low-voltage direct current trickle charges are found to increase the settlement of corals 25.86 times higher than uncharged control sites, to increase the mean growth rates of reef-building corals, soft corals, oysters, and salt marsh grassan average of 3.17 times faster than controls (ranging from 2 to 10 times depending on species and conditions), and to increase the survival of electrically charged marine organisms-an average of 3.47 times greater than controls, with the biggest increases under the most severe environmental stresses. These results are caused by the fundamental biophysical stimulation of natural biochemical energy production pathways, used by all organisms, provided by electrical stimulation under the right conditions. This paper reviews for the first time all published results from properly designed, installed, and maintained projects, and contrasts them with those that do not meet these criteria.

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Section: Published Results From Properly Designed Installed and Maimentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Published Results From Properly Designed Installed and Maimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Published Results From Properly Designed Installed and Maimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrical Stimulation Greatly Increases Settlement, Growth, Survival, and Stress Resistance of Marine Organisms

Goreau¹

2014

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“…However, this method has a major drawback that it is difficult to deploy on a large scale, requiring a lot of human effort [28], [29]. Therefore, some other methods to promote the self-healing of corals are gradually being researched and deployed, such as the fabrication of artificial coral skeletons [30], [31] using 3D printing technology [32], [33], technology to play music on the seabed [34], technologies to improve the marine environment [35], and especially technology to stimulate coral farming by Biorock technology [24], [36]- [39].…”

Section: Status Of Research and Development Of Coral Reefs In The Worldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of artificial island system use solar energy application in the development and recovery of coral in the sea of Viet Nam

Tài,

Văn,

Tùng

2024

Preprint

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Recognized coral reefs provide many benefits to the marine environment and ocean economy (such as marine biodiversity, coastal protection, fisheries and tourism, etc.). However, in recent years, many factors such as storms, pollution, overfishing and climate change have led to the decline of coral reefs worldwide. To address these damages, many reef restoration techniques have been developed such as direct transplantation, artificial reef creation or coral gardening. In general, some common methods apply only to small-scale or non-production projects. However, our idea is based on the principle of electrolysis (a method commonly used in the world) to increase the self-regeneration efficiency of coral reefs by direct current. Moreover, our solar island system can be applied for large scale and long term by using energy from solar panels with the support of a monitoring system. This research will refer to the design of a floating energy island system for the cultivation and restoration of corals at sea, and analyze the energy and buoyancy of the island. The results show that solar island applying coral electricity technology to restore and develop coral is a new method with high practical application. The island system achieved a safe free float per island station and the minimum buoyancy achieved was 175% higher than the safe buoyancy standard. However, the design of a solar island to restore coral still needs to be studied, tested and calculated with actual environmental conditions (convection, ocean waves, wind direction, current ...) to the island system.

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Sessile Biofouling on Electrolytic Carbonated Structures: Stages of Colonization and Succession

Carmona-Rodríguez,

Antón,

Climent

et al. 2024

JMSE

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The ecological succession has been widely studied by means of biofouling assemblages among different substrates, and mainly targeted in early stages on artificial ones. The present study focuses on biofouling that colonizes carbonated structures, a material similar to the natural substrate produced by the electrolysis of seawater, which is relatively very little studied. We have observed the colonization of sessile macrofouling of the port of Alicante (SE Spain, Western Mediterranean) on two types of substrates (electrolytic carbonated and steel) over 12 months of succession. The assemblages of both substrates have been analyzed by means of diversity indexes and multivariate analysis (PERMANOVA and SIMPER) in order to see the differences over time. The carbonated substrate has presented a community with higher values of biological diversity, structure and complexity, although the differences in species composition between substrates are not evident during all immersion periods. Thus, these results seem to indicate that, even after 12 months of immersion, communities are still in a dynamic successional stage.

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Reef Restoration Using Seawater Electrolysis in Jamaica

Cited by 3 publications

References 4 publications

Electrical Stimulation Greatly Increases Settlement, Growth, Survival, and Stress Resistance of Marine Organisms

Electrical Stimulation Greatly Increases Settlement, Growth, Survival, and Stress Resistance of Marine Organisms

Design of artificial island system use solar energy application in the development and recovery of coral in the sea of Viet Nam

Sessile Biofouling on Electrolytic Carbonated Structures: Stages of Colonization and Succession

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