Reef resilience status of northern Acehnese reef based on coral cover and coral indicator

Abstract

By definition, ecological resilience is the ability of a system to undergo, absorb and respond to change and disturbance, while maintaining its functions and controls.The environmental conditions that favor such community resilience may be different from those that favor resistance.

Correlation between Coral Reef Condition and the Diversity and Abundance of Fishes and Sea Urchins on an East African Coral Reef

“…Coral reefs can provide fish with physical refuges from predators, in addition to breeding, nursery, and feeding sites, and thus enhance fish diversity. In contrast, coral mortality has been predicted to reduce reef fish abundance and diversity and so have long-term consequences on the community [19,56]. In fact, a recent study by Darling et al suggests that reefs without corals will no longer support diverse fish faunas but be numerically dominated by a small subset of species that prefer algal or rubble substrata [77].…”

“…Most of the world's reefs are threatened by human activities [4,[9][10][11], which have exacerbated a background of otherwise natural impacts, such as those caused by diseases, outbreaks of invasive species, storms, or sedimentation [10,[12][13][14][15]. In addition, coral bleaching now represents a major threat to coral reefs, whereby corals expel their zooxanthellae and associated pigments, due to high sea temperatures, slow water movement, or extreme UV exposure [2,[16][17][18][19].…”

A comparison between the 2010 and 2016 El-Ninō induced coral bleaching in the Indonesian waters

“…The widespread bleaching events of 2010 [31] have begun to be reported by at least 50 coral watch organizations consisting of individuals, dive centers, NGOs, academics and research institutions [32]. Several scientific papers are also beginning to emerge [31,[33][34][35][36]. The longest and the most extensive bleaching event on record in 2015/16, that impacted some reefs of Indonesian waters, was reported by various organizations as in 2010 but so far only one paper was issued [6].…”

“…In addition, some scientific papers on coral bleaching in Indonesian waters began to emerge in 2010; Mostly discussed the impacts of coral bleaching on reduction of coral covers and coral species diversity the changes of benthic habitats and reef-associated biotas such as reef fishes and other benthic biotas [33][34][35][36]. Only one or two papers revealed the mass bleaching event and its dynamics through an analysis of SST rise which was caused by El Niño [31].…”

Recent coral reef conditions in Weh Island, Aceh Province, Indonesia

“…Prolonged habitat degradation could affect coral community structure and coral diversity. In the last couple decades, several natural phenomena such as tsunami ( 2004) and coral bleaching in 2010 and 2016 have been recorded in Weh Island and resulted in coral cover decline (Ampou et al 2017;Rudi et al 2012). Therefore, it is important to obtain information related to the current status of coral diversity and reef conditions at Weh Island.…”