Reedbed evapotranspiration rates in England

Fermor, Phil M.; Hedges, Peter D.; Gilbert, Joanne C.; Gowing, David

doi:10.1002/hyp.174

Cited by 45 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…The crop coefficient traditionally recommended for use in estimating reed-bed evapotranspiration in the UK is 1Ð4, and higher results than this have been measured by Fermor et al (2001) on the two smaller of their three sites and by Smid (1975). However, when applying crop coefficients with a grass reference under well-watered conditions, for a vegetation expanse of greater than 50 m, the crop coefficients should not exceed 1Ð3 because there is insufficient energy available without an additional horizontal source (ASCE, 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The majority have been done using lysimeters (e.g. Fermor et al, 2001) or cut-stem weight change methods, both of which can suffer greatly from enhanced rates of evapotranspiration due to advection and change in transpiration rates due to disturbance. There is often uncertainty that the conditions within the lysimeter are identical to those in the surrounding reedbed (Gilman and Newson, 1983).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Estimating evapotranspiration from a reed bed using the Bowen ratio energy balance method

Peacock

Hess

2004

Hydrological Processes

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Abstract:An increase in demand for water for agricultural and domestic use, combined with new legislation regarding the water needs of natural habitats, has led to an increased requirement for accurate calculations of hydrological fluxes through wetlands. Evapotranspiration is one of the most important but least well understood fluxes in wetland hydrology. Research has been carried out on Stodmarsh National Nature Reserve in Kent, UK, a Ramsar site containing the largest reed beds in southern England. The objective was to quantify water loss through evapotranspiration on the site to allow more effective management of water levels and maintenance of maximum conservation potential for bird life. The Bowen ratio energy balance approach was employed, which is one of the most accurate ways of measuring evapotranspiration but has been rarely used on reed beds. These measurements were used with Penman-Monteith reference evapotranspiration in order to create crop coefficients. It was found that crop coefficients were inconsistent from day to day but were generally less than unity. The inconsistency was thought to be caused by variations in meteorological conditions: e.g. significant differences in crop coefficients were found between days with high radiation and a dry canopy, compared with days with low radiation and a wet canopy. Canopy interception of precipitation was particularly important, with crop coefficients being significantly higher on wet days, possibly due to the higher rates of evaporation of intercepted water due to the lack of stomatal resistance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Estimating evapotranspiration from a reed bed using the Bowen ratio energy balance method

Peacock

Hess

2004

Hydrological Processes

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“…Also, because the tropical wetlands in the present study had small areas, high length to width ratios (7:1) and were located among dry sugar cane fields, the clothesline and oasis effect (Penman 1963;Linacre 1976) was probably substantial. In addition, Fermor et al (2001) suggested that advection played a more important role for the energy budget in smaller wetlands located in dry areas, and that apphcation of relatively high pan coefficients are justified in such sites. In conclusion, literature suggests that a higher pan coefficient than the recommended of 0.8 by Kadlec & Knight (1996) should be used to transform pan evaporation to wetiand ET, especially for small wetlands located in dry tropical areas.…”

Section: Hydrological Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Hydraulic performance of small free water surface constructed wetlands treating sugar factory effluent in western Kenya

Bodin

Persson

2012

Hydrology Research

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This study investigated, usinga iithium salt tracer, how macrophyte species and hydraulic ioading rate (HLR) of wastewater infiuenced hydrauiics in constructed wetiands (CWs). Four piiot-scale CWs received 45 mm day^^ of pre-treated sugar factory effluent and another four received 110 mm day"\ Haif the CWs were planted with Cyperus papyrus and haif with Echinochloa pyramidalis. Resuits showed a significant negative connection between tracer mass recovery and wetiand water leaioges. Aiso, a significant negative reiationship between active wetiand water volume and macrophyte density was detected. Further, a significant effect of HLR on mass removal rates of NH/-N was observed. However, no significant effect of either HLR or macrophyte species on wetland hydraulic parameters was found.

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“…This approach allowed the restoration planners to compare, directly, the water-regime needs of the arable crops present now with those of restored wetland habitats. To assess vegetation water requirements, the Great Fen work adopted the crop coefficient methodology (Allan et al, 1998), which has lately been increasingly applied to non-crop vegetation (Fermor et al, 2001).…”

Section: Planning Large-scale Wetland Restoration: Is There Enough Wamentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrological science and wetland restoration: some case studies from Europe

Acreman¹,

Fisher²,

Stratford³

et al. 2007

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

123

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Throughout the world, wetlands are increasingly being recognised as important elements of the landscape because of their high biodiversity and goods and services they provide to mankind. After many decades of wetland destruction and conversion, large areas of wetlands are now protected under the International Convention on Wetlands (Ramsar) and regional or national legislation such as the European Union Habitats Directive. In many cases, there is a need to restore the ecological character of the wetland through appropriate water management. This paper provides examples of scientific knowledge of wetland hydrology that can guide such restoration. It focuses on the need for sound hydrological science on a range of issues including water level control, topography, flood storage, wetland connections with rivers and sustainability of water supply under climate change.

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Reedbed evapotranspiration rates in England

Cited by 45 publications

References 7 publications

Estimating evapotranspiration from a reed bed using the Bowen ratio energy balance method

Estimating evapotranspiration from a reed bed using the Bowen ratio energy balance method

Hydraulic performance of small free water surface constructed wetlands treating sugar factory effluent in western Kenya

Hydrological science and wetland restoration: some case studies from Europe

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