Reed Canary Grass (<i>Phalaris arundinacea</i>) as a Biological Model in the Study of Plant Invasions

Lavergne, Sébastien; Molofsky, Jane

doi:10.1080/07352680490505934

Cited by 199 publications

(169 citation statements)

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“…5b). Phenotypic plasticity allows reed canarygrass to compete for resources and space under a wide range of moisture conditions, as observed in invaded habitats (26). Our data thus conform to a scenario where both increased phenotypic plasticity and response to selection contributed to the invasive ability of reed canarygrass after its introduction in North America.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 70%

“…Although we cannot completely rule out the mixing of presettlement reed canarygrass and more recent agronomic strains, we have found only anecdotal evidence for the presence of these presettlement populations of reed canarygrass in North America and no evidence at all concerning the eastern United States (26,32,33). Moreover, our data demonstrate that at least 85% of the genetic diversity present in North American populations has a European origin and not Ϸ50% as expected under a scenario of a random mixing between native and introduced genotypes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…4d). This higher potential for vegetative establishment, biomass production, and clonal spread of invasive genotypes relative to native ones explains the greater aggressiveness of reed canarygrass in North America than in Europe (26).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because reed canarygrass was introduced to North America for a variety of agronomic and soil-management purposes (26), the increased aggressiveness of reed canarygrass in North America could also have resulted from the introduction and subsequent escape of previously bred agronomic strains. Under this scenario, we would expect to see low genotypic diversity in the introduced range because only a few strains would be represented in North American populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reed canarygrass is native to circumboreal regions of Eurasia and, probably, to a small fraction of western North America (for an exhaustive review, see ref. 26). The species was repeatedly introduced into North America after the mid-19th century for agronomic purposes, soil management, and wastewater treatment (26).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Increased genetic variation and evolutionary potential drive the success of an invasive grass

Lavergne

Molofsky

2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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825

857

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Despite the increasing biological and economic impacts of invasive species, little is known about the evolutionary mechanisms that favor geographic range expansion and evolution of invasiveness in introduced species. Here, we focus on the invasive wetland grass Phalaris arundinacea L. and document the evolutionary consequences that resulted from multiple and uncontrolled introductions into North America of genetic material native to different European regions. Continental-scale genetic variation occurring in reed canarygrass' European range has been reshuffled and recombined within North American introduced populations, giving rise to a number of novel genotypes. This process alleviated genetic bottlenecks throughout reed canarygrass' introduced range, including in peripheral populations, where depletion of genetic diversity is expected and is observed in the native range. Moreover, reed canarygrass had higher genetic diversity and heritable phenotypic variation in its invasive range relative to its native range. The resulting high evolutionary potential of invasive populations allowed for rapid selection of genotypes with higher vegetative colonization ability and phenotypic plasticity. Our results show that repeated introductions of a single species may inadvertently create harmful invaders with high adaptive potential. Such invasive species may be able to evolve in response to changing climate, allowing them to have increasing impact on native communities and ecosystems in the future. More generally, multiple immigration events may thus trigger future adaptation and geographic spread of a species population by preventing genetic bottlenecks and generating genetic novelties through recombination.biological invasion ͉ genotypic diversity ͉ multiple immigration ͉ range expansion ͉ phenotypic plasticity

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Increased genetic variation and evolutionary potential drive the success of an invasive grass

Lavergne

Molofsky

2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

Self Cite

825

857

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Krähmer

2016

Atlas of Weed Mapping

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Does hybrid Phragmites australis differ from native and introduced lineages in reproductive, genetic, and morphological traits?

Williams

Lambert

Long

et al. 2019

American J of Botany

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Premise of the Study Hybridization between previously isolated species or lineages can stimulate invasiveness because of increased genetic diversity and inherited traits facilitating competitive and reproductive potential. We evaluated differences in stand characteristics and sexual and vegetative reproduction among native, introduced, and hybrid Phragmites australis lineages in the southwestern United States. We also assessed the degree of hybridization among lineages and backcrossing of hybrids with parental lineages. Methods Growth and morphological characteristics were measured in native, introduced, and hybrid Phragmites stands to evaluate relative cover and dominance in associated plant communities. Panicles were collected from stands to evaluate germination, dormancy, and differences in seed traits. Seedlings from germination trials were genotyped to determine frequency of crossing and backcrossing among lineages. Key Results Introduced and hybrid Phragmites stands had significantly greater stem and panicle densities than native stands and were more likely to be dominant members of their respective plant communities. Hybrid seed outputs were significantly greater, but hybrid seeds had lower germination rates than those from native and introduced lineages. We detected a novel hybridization event between native and introduced lineages, but found no strong evidence of hybrids backcrossing with parental lineages. Conclusions Hybrid Phragmites in the Southwest exhibits reproductive, genetic, and morphological characteristics from both parental lineages that facilitate dispersal, establishment, and aggressive growth, including high reproductive output, rhizome viability, and aboveground biomass, with smaller seeds and greater genetic diversity than its progenitors. Our results show hybrids can inherit traits that confer invasiveness and provide insight for managing this species complex and other cryptic species with native and introduced variants with potential for intraspecific hybridization.

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Reed Canary Grass (Phalaris arundinacea) as a Biological Model in the Study of Plant Invasions

Cited by 199 publications

References 167 publications

Increased genetic variation and evolutionary potential drive the success of an invasive grass

Increased genetic variation and evolutionary potential drive the success of an invasive grass

The leaf

Does hybrid Phragmites australis differ from native and introduced lineages in reproductive, genetic, and morphological traits?

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