Reed Biomass, a Possibility of Cultivation and Protection of “Wetland” in Korça Field in Albania

Abstract

The human society since early times has utilized the fire as a mean to accomplish its own needs and fuel providing has always been its main concern. In the framework of the environmental and forestry protection increasingly is required the retrievable and sustainable alternative energy. The utilization of reed biomass is an alternative of the retrievable biomass. The world is using since many years the reed biomass as fuel source. Whereas in Albania the utilization of the reed biomass has been observes only in the framework of projects in protected areas. Our proposal to plant 500 ha peaty soil, recently an abandoned agricultural land which is waterlogged for a long period of the year, is seen as a possibility for the re-cultivation of abandoned lands, to produce the renewable biomass. By assessment results that from this surface to provide at least 5000 ton reed biomass or about 86500 GJ energy. This energy is a considerable source of energy and a way to reduce the deforestation, at least to the region in this study.

Predicting the optimum harvesting dates for different exotic apple varieties grown under North Western Himalayan regions through acoustic and machine vision techniques

“…Based on the different quality attributes SI range of 0.046 to 0.026; 0.041 to 0.024 and 0.041 to 0.026 were presumed to be optimal ranges for harvesting Gala Redlum (V1), Red Velox and Super Chief apples grown under temperate conditions of Kashmir in North Western Himalayas when intended for fresh consumption. Icka and Damo (2014) also reported that Streif index decreased from 0.35 to 0.04 when harvesting was prolonged from first to third harvesting date in apples. Icka and Damo (2014) recommended SI range of 0.075 to 0.10 for optimum harvesting of Red Delicious apples in Korca region.…”

“… Icka and Damo (2014) also reported that Streif index decreased from 0.35 to 0.04 when harvesting was prolonged from first to third harvesting date in apples. Icka and Damo (2014) recommended SI range of 0.075 to 0.10 for optimum harvesting of Red Delicious apples in Korca region.…”

“…TSS/ Acid ratio is also considered as a reliable index for determining the optimum harvesting date of apples as it indicates the trend of fruit ripening ( Icka and Damo 2014 ). Results depicted in ( Table S2 ) showed that TSS/ acid ratio increased with the delay in harvest dates.…”

“…( Table S2 ) showed that the TSS/ Acid ratio ranged from 41.00 to 54.00 for Gala Redlum (V1), 44.29 to 53.50 for Red Velox (V2) and from 48.51 to 59.19 for Super Chief (V3) with advancement in harvest dates from H1 to H3, respectively. Icka and Damo (2014) recommended TSS/acid ratio range between 40 and –50 for Red Delicious in Korça region. Bhat et al (2012) also reported increment in total soluble solids/acid ratio of Pear with delayed harvesting.…”

Assessing the economic viability of wetland remediation of wastewater, and the potential for parallel biomass valorisation

“…Four possible revenue sources have been considered for comparative purposes: directly selling reeds ($70 per t), 95,96 biorefinery for bioethanol production ($420-1000 per t), 96,97 biorefinery for cellulose pulp production ($450-900 per t), 96,98 and production of reed pellets for fuel use ($140 per t). 95,99 All revenue options are heavily dependent on the achievable profit margin, which will vary with the scale of operation. As a result, thorough analysis into the process economics of each route and market size is required, which has been considered beyond the scope of this study.…”