Reduplication of the mouth and mandible

Duplication of lower lip and mandible—A rare diprosopus

“…presence of both upper and lower lips [1,2], absence of both lips [4] and presence of one lip [3]. Our case is similar to the case described by Maisels [3]. Another similar case was reported by Wu et al but the anomaly was tubular in shape [10].…”

“…There were many variations in relation to structures, e.g. presence of both upper and lower lips [1,2], absence of both lips [4] and presence of one lip [3]. Our case is similar to the case described by Maisels [3].…”

“…For duplication that occurs at the commissural area, repair of commissure is essential to prevent macrostomia. Maisels reported that the disadvantage of corrective surgery for an accessory mouth at the commissure is the possibility of a 'drag' particularly if it was performed at an early age and will be more prominent as the child grows [3].…”

“…A duplicated mandible had been suggested to occur as a result of first branchial arch duplication [3], as a developmental anomaly arising from sequestrated totipotent cells [2], as part of the split notochord syndrome [8], or secondary to duplication of the mandibular growth centre around the margins of stomatodeal plate [7]. Duplication of stomatodeal structures can be classified into type I (duplicated mouth), type II (duplication of maxilla-upper lip or mandible-lower lip complex) and type III (centrally located, poorly developed lip-jaw duplication) [9].…”

“…McLaughlin was the first to describe it in 1948, and following that several other authors attempted to illustrate this rare anomaly [1][2][3][4]. Wu et al reviewed the literature and reported that approximately 100 cases of complete or incomplete craniofacial duplication were identified [5].…”