Redundant and Non-redundant Functions of the AHK Cytokinin Receptors During Gynoecium Development

Cerbantez-Bueno, Vincent E; Zúñiga-Mayo, Víctor M.; Reyes-Olalde, J. Irepan; Lozano-Sotomayor, Paulina; Herrera-Ubaldo, Humberto; Marsch-Martínez, Nayelli; Folter, Stefan de

doi:10.3389/fpls.2020.568277

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…Furthermore, the difference in seed yield may be related to the number of ovules that were initiated in the gynoecia. Indeed, CK promotes the activity of the placenta and regulates the ovule number and the distance between ovules ( Bartrina et al, 2011 ; Bencivenga et al, 2012 ; Cerbantez-Bueno et al, 2020 ) and AtML1 is expressed in the placenta ( Lu et al, 1996 ). Interestingly, other yield traits previously shown to be regulated by CK such as the activity of the inflorescence meristem and the duration of flowering ( Bartrina et al, 2011 , 2017 ) were not regulated by epidermal CK.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cytokinin Status of the Epidermis Regulates Aspects of Vegetative and Reproductive Development in Arabidopsis thaliana

et al. 2021

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The epidermal cell layer of plants has important functions in regulating plant growth and development. We have studied the impact of an altered epidermal cytokinin metabolism on Arabidopsis shoot development. Increased epidermal cytokinin synthesis or breakdown was achieved through expression of the cytokinin synthesis gene LOG4 and the cytokinin-degrading CKX1 gene, respectively, under the control of the epidermis-specific AtML1 promoter. During vegetative growth, increased epidermal cytokinin production caused an increased size of the shoot apical meristem and promoted earlier flowering. Leaves became larger and the shoots showed an earlier juvenile-to-adult transition. An increased cytokinin breakdown had the opposite effect on these phenotypic traits indicating that epidermal cytokinin metabolism can be a factor regulating these aspects of shoot development. The phenotypic consequences of abbreviated cytokinin signaling in the epidermis achieved through expression of the ARR1-SRDX repressor were generally milder or even absent indicating that the epidermal cytokinin acts, at least in part, cell non-autonomously. Enhanced epidermal cytokinin synthesis delayed cell differentiation during leaf development leading to an increased cell proliferation and leaf growth. Genetic analysis showed that this cytokinin activity was mediated mainly by the AHK3 receptor and the transcription factor ARR1. We also demonstrate that epidermal cytokinin promotes leaf growth in a largely cell-autonomous fashion. Increased cytokinin synthesis in the outer layer of reproductive tissues and in the placenta enhanced ovule formation by the placenta and caused the formation of larger siliques. This led to a higher number of seeds in larger pods resulting in an increased seed yield per plant. Collectively, the results provide evidence that the cytokinin metabolism in the epidermis is a relevant parameter determining vegetative and reproductive plant growth and development.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cytokinin Status of the Epidermis Regulates Aspects of Vegetative and Reproductive Development in Arabidopsis thaliana

et al. 2021

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“…We have previously shown that cytokinin is involved in gynoecium development [8,39,45,49,53]. Repeated exogenous applications of cytokinin (6-benzylamonopurine; BAP) to wild type inflorescences induces ectopic proliferative tissue from the replum, which has at its tip stigmatic-like characteristics (Figure 1A,I; [49]).…”

Section: Exogenous Cytokinin Induces Carpeloid Features In An Ag-dependent Mannermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is well known that phytohormones interact to maintain their fine-turned regulatory functions, and auxin and cytokinin are also referred to as the yin and yang of plant development. In recent years, substantial progress has been made in elucidating the molecular mechanisms of auxin and cytokinin signaling during carpel initiation and early gynoecium development (e.g., [8,26,[36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship between AGAMOUS and Cytokinin Signaling in the Establishment of Carpeloid Features

Gómez-Felipe

Kierzkowski

Folter

2021

Plants

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Gynoecium development is dependent on gene regulation and hormonal pathway interactions. The phytohormones auxin and cytokinin are involved in many developmental programs, where cytokinin is normally important for cell division and meristem activity, while auxin induces cell differentiation and organ initiation in the shoot. The MADS-box transcription factor AGAMOUS (AG) is important for the development of the reproductive structures of the flower. Here, we focus on the relationship between AG and cytokinin in Arabidopsis thaliana, and use the weak ag-12 and the strong ag-1 allele. We found that cytokinin induces carpeloid features in an AG-dependent manner and the expression of the transcription factors CRC, SHP2, and SPT that are involved in carpel development. AG is important for gynoecium development, and contributes to regulating, or else directly regulates CRC, SHP2, and SPT. All four genes respond to either reduced or induced cytokinin signaling and have the potential to be regulated by cytokinin via the type-B ARR proteins. We generated a model of a gene regulatory network, where cytokinin signaling is mainly upstream and in parallel with AG activity.

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“…This has been extensively reviewed in [ 22 , 34 , 35 ]. The more recent work demonstrated the AHK cytokinin receptors expressed in the gynoecium to have redundant and specialized functions in this tissue of Arabidopsis [ 38 ]. Many genes have already been studied ( Table 1 and Figure 2 ), but many more remain to be identified.…”

Section: The Transmitting Tractmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paving the Way for Fertilization: The Role of the Transmitting Tract

Pereira

Moreira

Coimbra

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Angiosperm reproduction relies on the precise growth of the pollen tube through different pistil tissues carrying two sperm cells into the ovules’ embryo sac, where they fuse with the egg and the central cell to accomplish double fertilization and ultimately initiate seed development. A network of intrinsic and tightly regulated communication and signaling cascades, which mediate continuous interactions between the pollen tube and the sporophytic and gametophytic female tissues, ensures the fast and meticulous growth of pollen tubes along the pistil, until it reaches the ovule embryo sac. Most of the pollen tube growth occurs in a specialized tissue—the transmitting tract—connecting the stigma, the style, and the ovary. This tissue is composed of highly secretory cells responsible for producing an extensive extracellular matrix. This multifaceted matrix is proposed to support and provide nutrition and adhesion for pollen tube growth and guidance. Insights pertaining to the mechanisms that underlie these processes remain sparse due to the difficulty of accessing and manipulating the female sporophytic tissues enclosed in the pistil. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on this key step of reproduction in flowering plants with special emphasis on the female transmitting tract tissue.

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Redundant and Non-redundant Functions of the AHK Cytokinin Receptors During Gynoecium Development

Cited by 9 publications

References 83 publications

The Cytokinin Status of the Epidermis Regulates Aspects of Vegetative and Reproductive Development in Arabidopsis thaliana

The Cytokinin Status of the Epidermis Regulates Aspects of Vegetative and Reproductive Development in Arabidopsis thaliana

The Relationship between AGAMOUS and Cytokinin Signaling in the Establishment of Carpeloid Features

Paving the Way for Fertilization: The Role of the Transmitting Tract

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