Redundancy of information in enhancers as a principle of mammalian transcription control

Schaffner, G.; Schirm, Sabine; Müller-Baden, Benno; Weber, Frank; Schaffner, Walter

doi:10.1016/0022-2836(88)90440-8

Cited by 63 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 60 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…These results are reminiscent of those obtained with simian virus 40 (Zenke et al, 1986;Schaffner et al, 1988). It has been shown that the SV40 enhancer is composed of several regulatory elements, each with a distinct cell specificity (Schirm et al, 1987;Ondek et al, 1987).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Multiple cis regulatory elements for maximal expression of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter in transgenic plants.

et al. 1989

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The 35S promoter is a major promoter of the cauliflower mosaic virus that infects crucifers. This promoter is still active when excised from cauliflower mosaic virus and integrated into the nuclear genome of transgenic tobacco. Previous work has shown that the -343 to -46 upstream fragment is responsible for the majority of the 35S promoter strength (Odell, J.T., Nagy, F., and Chua, N.-H. [1985]. Nature 313, 810-812). Here we show by 5', 3', and internal deletions that this upstream fragment can be subdivided into three functional regions, -343 to -208, -208 to -90, and -90 to -46. The first two regions can potentiate transcriptional activity when tested with the appropriate 35S promoter sequence. In contrast, the -90 to -46 region by itself has little activity but it plays an accessory role by increasing transcriptional activity of the two distal regions. Finally, we show that monomers and multimers of a 35S fragment (-209 to -46) can act as enhancers to potentiate transcription from a heterologous promoter.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Multiple cis regulatory elements for maximal expression of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter in transgenic plants.

et al. 1989

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…the proximal box C and site 824 oligonucleotides) could be compensated either by cooperative interactions through adjacent binding sites for POU factors or for other transcription factors (60,61) or by association of the POU proteins with a coactivator, as already described (62,63). The modular structure of enhancers has been reported as a general feature in higher eukaryotes (29,64,65). In the caase of aldolase C, another level of complexity could be brought by the fact that broad expression in the brain (5,6) could result from the additive effects of several cis-acting elements, each of them being specifically active in a restricted brain cell population.…”

Section: High Level Expression Of the Aldolase C Gene Requires The Prmentioning

confidence: 87%

Upstream Elements Involved in Vivo in Activation of the Brain-specific Rat Aldolase C Gene

Skala

Porteu

Thomas

et al. 1998

Journal of Biological Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The rat aldolase C gene encodes a glycolytic enzyme strongly expressed in adult brain. We previously reported that a 115-base pair (bp) promoter fragment was able to ensure the brain-specific expression of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene in transgenic mice, but only at a low level (Thomas, M., Makeh, I., Briand, P., Kahn, A., and Skala, H. (1993) Eur. J. Biochem. 218, 143-151). Here we show that in vivo activation of this promoter at a high level requires cooperation between an upstream 0.6-kilobase pair (kb) fragment and far upstream sequences. In the 0.6-kb region, a 28-bp DNA element is shown to include overlapping in vitro binding sites for POU domain regulatory proteins and for the Winged Helix hepatocyte nuclear factor-3␤ factor. An hepatocyte nuclear factor-3␤-binding site previously described in the short proximal promoter fragment is also shown to interact in vitro with POU proteins, although with a lower affinity than the 28-bp motif. Additional binding sites for POU factors were detected in the upstream 0.6-kb sequences. Progressive deletion in this region resulted in decreased expression levels of the transgenes in mice, suggesting synergistic interactions between these multiple POUbinding sites. We propose that DNA elements characterized by a dual binding specificity for both POU domain and Winged Helix transcription factors could play an essential role in the brain-specific expression of the aldolase C gene and other neuronal genes.

show abstract

“…At the C terminus of the largest subunit of mammalian RNA polymerase I1 the heptapeptide sequence of consensus Tyr-Ser-Pro-Thr-Ser-Pro-Ser is repeated 52 times. It was speculated that this repeated motif interacts with DNA-bound transcription factor(s) [204, 2051. If this turns out to be the case, it would mean that for the regulation of eukaryotic transcription, there is an information redundancy at three levels: at the level of DNA binding sites for transcription factors [206], presumably within the activating domains of transcription factors, and in the C-terminal repeats of the large subunit of RNA polymerase…”

Section: See One Transcriptionfactor and You Have Seen Them All?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancer sequences and the regulation of gene transcription

Müller

Gerster

Schaffner

1988

European Journal of Biochemistry

Self Cite

151

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Redundancy of information in enhancers as a principle of mammalian transcription control

Cited by 63 publications

References 60 publications

Multiple cis regulatory elements for maximal expression of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter in transgenic plants.

Multiple cis regulatory elements for maximal expression of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter in transgenic plants.

Upstream Elements Involved in Vivo in Activation of the Brain-specific Rat Aldolase C Gene

Enhancer sequences and the regulation of gene transcription

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About