Reductive stress and cytotoxicity in the swollen river mussel (Unio tumidus) exposed to microplastics and salinomycin

The Biochemical Responses of Bivalve Molluscs to Neuroleptic Chlorpromazine Are Comparable With the Responses of Higher Vertebrates

“…Importantly, the ratio of NADH/NAD + , evaluated in the U. tumidus, increased substantially (Figure). This strengthening of the reductive state is typical for obligate anaerobes in the stressful conditions [6].…”

“…The set of 16 studied parameters included the cytotoxicity indexes (lysosomal membrane stability, apoptotic enzymes caspase-3 and cathepsin D (CtD)), o xidative/reductive stress responses (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, the levels of protein carbonyls (PC) and products of lipid peroxidation (TBARS), glutathione (GSH&GSSG), NAD + &NADH), metallothionein (total and Zn-bound) concentration, the biotransformation enzymes CYP450-dependent EROD, glutathione S-transferase (GST), and GTP-ase dynamin in the digestive gland with some inter-species differences in this spectrum. The applied spectrophotometric and chromatographic methods are described thoroughly in our previous work [6].…”