Reductive Dehalogenation of Hexachloroethane, Carbon Tetrachloride, and Bromoform by Anthrahydroquinone Disulfonate and Humic Acid

Curtis, Gary P.; Reinhard, Martin

doi:10.1021/es00062a026

Cited by 215 publications

(211 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…AQDS is a widely used model ETM for environmental and contaminant redox transformations of diverse type (Curtis and Reinhard, 1994;Borch et al, 2005;Bhushan et al, 2006;Finneran, 2006, 2008;Zhang et al, 2007). AQDS is a synthetic three-ring quinone with structural analogy to quinone groups in humic substances (Curtis and Reinhard, 1994), and to biogenic quinones (Nurmi and Tratnyek, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The mineralogic transformation of ferrihydrite induced by heterogeneous reaction with bioreduced anthraquinone disulfonate (AQDS) and the role of phosphate

Zachara¹,

Kukkadapu²,

Peretyazhko³

et al. 2011

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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Bruce, "The mineralogic transformation of ferrihydrite induced by heterogeneous reaction with bioreduced anthraquinone disulfonate (AQDS) and the role of phosphate" (2011 Abstract Bioreduced anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate (AH 2 DS; dihydro-anthraquinone) was reacted with a 2-line, Si-substituted ferrihydrite under anoxic conditions at neutral pH in PIPES buffer. Phosphate (P) and bicarbonate (C); common adsorptive oxyanions and media/buffer components known to effect ferrihydrite mineralization; and Fe(II) aq (as a catalytic mineralization agent) were used in comparative experiments. Heterogeneous AH 2 DS oxidation coupled with Fe(III) reduction occurred within 0.13-1 day, with mineralogic transformation occurring thereafter. The product suite included lepidocrocite, goethite, and/or magnetite, with proportions varing with reductant:oxidant ratio (r:o) and the presence of P or C. Lepidocrocite was the primary product at low r:o in the absence of P or C, with evidence for multiple formation pathways. Phosphate inhibited reductive recrystallization, while C promoted goethite formation. Stoichiometric magnetite was the sole product at higher r:o in the absence and presence of P. Lepidocrocite was the primary mineralization product in the Fe(II) aq system, with magnetite observed at near equal amounts when Fe(II) was high [Fe(II)/Fe(III)] = 0.5 and P was absent. P had a greater effect on reductive mineralization in the Fe(II) aq system, while AQDS was more effective than Fe(II) aq in promoting magnetite formation. The mineral products of the direct AH 2 DS-driven reductive reaction are different from those observed in AH 2 DS-ferrihydite systems with metal reducing bacteria, particularly in presence of P. Ó

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The mineralogic transformation of ferrihydrite induced by heterogeneous reaction with bioreduced anthraquinone disulfonate (AQDS) and the role of phosphate

Zachara¹,

Kukkadapu²,

Peretyazhko³

et al. 2011

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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“…This can have a major effect on the migration and toxicity of many of these compounds (14). It is thought that the redox-reactive components of HS that are involved in these reactions are the quinone moieties (20,21,28).Although HS are ubiquitous, they were always considered inert refractory organic material, especially in anoxic environments. Recent research, however, has demonstrated that HS can in fact play an important role as electron sinks for anaerobic respiratory bacteria and fermentative bacteria, stimulating mineralization of complex organic carbon compounds in the * Corresponding author.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…HS are redox-active compounds and can reduce metals with estimated reduction potentials of 0.5 to 0.7 eV (45). They have been demonstrated to transfer electrons from reduced inorganics (sulfide) and organics (ascorbic acid) to various heavy metals, nitroaromatics, and chlorinated solvents (3,20,21,26,37,41,43,45,48). This can have a major effect on the migration and toxicity of many of these compounds (14).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and Ubiquity of Bacteria Capable of Utilizing Humic Substances as Electron Donors for Anaerobic Respiration

Coates

Cole

Chakraborty

et al. 2002

Appl Environ Microbiol

201

129

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Previous studies have demonstrated that reduced humic substances (HS) can be reoxidized by anaerobic bacteria such as Geobacter, Geothrix, and Wolinella species with a suitable electron acceptor; however, little is known of the importance of this metabolism in the environment. Recently we investigated this metabolism in a diversity of environments including marine and aquatic sediments, forest soils, and drainage ditch soils. Most-probable-number enumeration studies were performed using 2,6-anthrahydroquinone disulfonate (AHDS), an analog for reduced HS, as the electron donor with nitrate as the electron acceptor. Anaerobic organisms capable of utilizing reduced HS as an electron donor were found in all environments tested and ranged from a low of 2.31 ؋ 10 1 in aquifer sediments to a high of 9.33 ؋ 10 6 in lake sediments. As part of this study we isolated six novel organisms capable of anaerobic AHDS oxidation. All of the isolates coupled the oxidation of AHDS to the reduction of nitrate with acetate (0.1 mM) as the carbon source. In the absence of cells, no AHDS oxidation was apparent, and in the absence of AHDS, no cell density increase was observed. Generally, nitrate was reduced to N 2 . Analysis of the AHDS and its oxidized form, 2,6-anthraquinone disulfonate (AQDS), in the medium during growth revealed that the anthraquinone was not being biodegraded as a carbon source and was simply being oxidized as an energy source. Determination of the AHDS oxidized and nitrate reduced accounted for 109% of the theoretical electron transfer. In addition to AHDS, all of these isolates could also couple the oxidation of reduced humic substances to the reduction of nitrate. No HS oxidation occurred in the absence of cells and in the absence of a suitable electron acceptor, demonstrating that these organisms were capable of utilizing natural HS as an energy source and that AHDS serves as a suitable analog for studying this metabolism. Alternative electron donors included simple volatile fatty acids such as propionate, butyrate, and valerate as well as simple organic acids such as lactate and pyruvate. Analysis of the complete sequences of the 16S rRNA genes revealed that the isolates were not closely related to each other and were phylogenetically diverse, with members in the alpha, beta, gamma, and delta subdivisions of the Proteobacteria. Most of the isolates were closely related to known genera not previously recognized for their ability to couple growth to HS oxidation, while one of the isolates represented a new genus in the delta subclass of the Proteobacteria. The results presented here demonstrate that microbial oxidation of HS is a ubiquitous metabolism in the environment. This study represents the first description of HS-oxidizing isolates and demonstrates that microorganisms capable of HS oxidation are phylogenetically diverse.Humic substances (HS) are ubiquitous in the environment and can be readily isolated from nearly all soils, waters, and sediments. The natural organic matter content of many soils and sedi...

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“…Reduction of AQDS to AHDS was monitored with UV/vis spectroscopy, and a noticeable shift could be seen after bubbling hydrogen gas in the presence of our Pd catalyst. As a preliminary test, of the effectiveness of this reduction method, we decided to use our reduced AHDS to replicate previous studies showing the reduction of hexachloroethane (HCA) to PCE in the presence of AHDS (Curtis and Reinhard, 1994). This experiment was conducted in reactors sealed with only Teflon-coated rubber septa, and, as expected we observed the reduction of HCA to PCE ( Figure 20).…”

Section: Natural Organic Mattermentioning

confidence: 75%

Hybrid Semiconductor Nanostructures as Unique Capabilities in the Direct Detection of Proteins, Viruses, and DNA

Lin¹,

Kuo²,

Tsai³

2008

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Reductive Dehalogenation of Hexachloroethane, Carbon Tetrachloride, and Bromoform by Anthrahydroquinone Disulfonate and Humic Acid

Cited by 215 publications

References 46 publications

The mineralogic transformation of ferrihydrite induced by heterogeneous reaction with bioreduced anthraquinone disulfonate (AQDS) and the role of phosphate

The mineralogic transformation of ferrihydrite induced by heterogeneous reaction with bioreduced anthraquinone disulfonate (AQDS) and the role of phosphate

Diversity and Ubiquity of Bacteria Capable of Utilizing Humic Substances as Electron Donors for Anaerobic Respiration

Hybrid Semiconductor Nanostructures as Unique Capabilities in the Direct Detection of Proteins, Viruses, and DNA

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