Reductions in India's crop yield due to ozone

Ghude, Sachin D.; Jena, Chinmay; Chate, D. M.; Beig, G.; Pfister, Gabriele; Kumar, Rajesh; Ramanathan, V.

doi:10.1002/2014gl060930

Cited by 163 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In India, the total economic cost losses for ozone on crop yields in the Indian states of Punjab and Haryana amounted to USD 6.5 billion in the fiscal year 2012-2013 and USD 3.7 billion in the fiscal year 2013-2014 (Sinha et al, 2015). It has been recently estimated that the nationally aggregated yield loss owing to ozone in India is sufficient to feed about 94 million people living below the poverty line (Ghude et al, 2014). In Europe, wheat yield losses were estimated at 14 % due to ozone in the year 2000 in EU27 (plus Switzerland and Norway), equivalent to EUR 3.2 billion, falling to 9 % and EUR 2 billion in 2020 with implementation of current legislation (Mills and Harmens, 2011).…”

Section: Ecosystemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tropospheric ozone and its precursors from the urban to the global scale from air quality to short-lived climate forcer

et al. 2015

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Abstract. Ozone holds a certain fascination in atmospheric science. It is ubiquitous in the atmosphere, central to tropospheric oxidation chemistry, yet harmful to human and ecosystem health as well as being an important greenhouse gas. It is not emitted into the atmosphere but is a byproduct of the very oxidation chemistry it largely initiates. Much effort is focused on the reduction of surface levels of ozone owing to its health and vegetation impacts, but recent efforts to achieve reductions in exposure at a country scale have proved difficult to achieve owing to increases in background ozone at the zonal hemispheric scale. There is also a growing realisation that the role of ozone as a short-lived climate pollutant could be important in integrated air quality climate change mitigation. This review examines current understanding of the processes regulating tropospheric ozone at global to local scales from both measurements and models. It takes the view that knowledge across the scales is important for dealing with air quality and climate change in a synergistic manner. The review shows that there remain a number of clear challenges for ozone such as explaining surface trends, incorporating new chemical understanding, ozone-climate coupling, and a better assessment of impacts. There is a clear and present need to treat ozone across the range of scales, a transboundary issue, but with an emphasis on the hemispheric scales. New observational opportunities are offered both by satellites and small sensors that bridge the scales.

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Section: Ecosystemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tropospheric ozone and its precursors from the urban to the global scale from air quality to short-lived climate forcer

et al. 2015

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“…These dose-response relationships have been used to estimate global and regional crop loss in individual years, as well as into the future under different emissions scenarios (11,(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24). These studies show large ozone impacts: one estimated that global crop loss caused by surface ozone in the year 2000 reached over 79 million metric tons ($11 billion) (21).…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Recent climate and air pollution impacts on Indian agriculture

Burney

Ramanathan

2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Recent research on the agricultural impacts of climate change has primarily focused on the roles of temperature and precipitation. These studies show that India has already been negatively affected by recent climate trends. However, anthropogenic climate changes are a result of both global emissions of long-lived greenhouse gases (LLGHGs) and other short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs). Two potent SLCPs, tropospheric ozone and black carbon, have direct effects on crop yields beyond their indirect effects through climate; emissions of black carbon and ozone precursors have risen dramatically in India over the past three decades. Here, to our knowledge for the first time, we present results of the combined effects of climate change and the direct effects of SLCPs on wheat and rice yields in India from 1980 to 2010. Our statistical model suggests that, averaged over India, yields in 2010 were up to 36% lower for wheat than they otherwise would have been, absent climate and pollutant emissions trends, with some densely populated states experiencing 50% relative yield losses. [Our point estimates for rice (−20%) are similarly large, but not statistically significant.] Upper-bound estimates suggest that an overwhelming fraction (90%) of these losses is due to the direct effects of SLCPs. Gains from addressing regional air pollution could thus counter expected future yield losses resulting from direct climate change effects of LLGHGs.climate impacts | ozone | aerosols | agriculture | India

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“…No doubts that ground-level ozone causes as much more damage to plants than all other pollutants combined. As an example, a recent study (Gaude et al 2014) demonstrated that in India yield loss due to this pollutant under the present emission scenario would be sufficient to feed 94 million people living below poverty line.(ii) The presence of ground-level ozone is even more a major threat for all forms of life also in Italy (Fig. 1), as well as in many areas of the world, such as the Mediterranean basin.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A procedure to evaluate the factors determining the elemental composition of PM2.5. Case study: the Veneto region (northeastern Italy)

Benetello

Squizzato

Masiol

et al. 2017

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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It is the Editorial Policy of Environmental Science and Pollution Research to periodically publish a Special Issue to communicate to a broad constituency of the scientific community timely information about specific topics in the environmental sciences. A Special Issue consists of assembled papers that both identify and describe the status and extent of our knowledge concerning new or existing ecotoxicological problems. This is the case of ground-level ozone, primarily an air pollutant, which is of high concern in Europe due to its effects on human health, vegetation and materials. Ozone is not directly emitted into the atmosphere; instead, it is formed from chemical reactions in the presence of sunlight, following emissions of precursor gases. Meteorological conditions play essential rules in these reaction chains and also influence the transport of ozone and its precursors, so that year-to-year differences in pollution levels may be relevant (EEA 2016).On November 24, 2016, the Italian scientific community involved in the study of the interactions between plants and tropospheric ozone gathered at the Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment of the University of Pisa. This event took place 10 years later another meeting on the very same topics, hold at the same University. Attendance was high, with more than 150 selected participants, belonging to around 20 institutions scattered nationwide. The objective of the conference was to provide a technical and scientific get-together for the academicians and scientists for reciprocating the specific advances/recent findings in the areas of ecology, plant physiology, phytopathology, applied botany, atmospheric chemistry/physics, environmental modelling and allied disciplines.The Italian scientific production on the subjects dealing with the relationships between plants/ecosystems and ground-level ozone is relevant. As an example, the Scopus database (updated at mid November 2016) lists, for the period 2007-2016, more about 4000 documents when the keyword strings Bozone plant^and/or BO 3 plant^are queried: about 130 of them are produced by Italian scientists. So doing, Italy is at the third place worldwide, behind USA and China. Forest plants and shadow urban trees are the most investigated groups of plants; very poor attention is payed to fruit species. Investigation protocols span from free controlled exposure systems to open-top chambers, fumigation chambers in walk-in controlled-environment conditions and cuvette; study areas cover from the molecular to the ecosystem level the ecophysiology of stressed plants, tritrophic relationships, secondary metabolism, emission of volatile compounds and gas fluxes, quality of products, in addition to ozone metrics and biological monitoring, with related campaigns of environmental education.A general debate was started during the conference. As an end point, a position paper was launched, whose outstanding points are hereunder reported.(i) At least eight out of the 17 goals selected by the United Nations for a Sustainable...

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Reductions in India's crop yield due to ozone

Cited by 163 publications

References 37 publications

Tropospheric ozone and its precursors from the urban to the global scale from air quality to short-lived climate forcer

Tropospheric ozone and its precursors from the urban to the global scale from air quality to short-lived climate forcer

Recent climate and air pollution impacts on Indian agriculture

A procedure to evaluate the factors determining the elemental composition of PM2.5. Case study: the Veneto region (northeastern Italy)

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