Reduction roasting of hematite to magnetite using carbohydrates

Ponomar, Vitalii; Dudchenko, N.O.; Брик, А. Б.

doi:10.1016/j.minpro.2017.05.005

Cited by 38 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…4a). In the at-f-alc system (at = CaO + MgO; f = Fe 2 O 3 ; alc = K 2 O + Na 2 O) 9 , Ransyrt 1 ceramics tend to have higher (Ca, −Mg) contents in the matrix, while those of Kabardinka 2 move toward Fe 2 O 3 (Fig. 4b).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fe ions originated from illite would form hematite, because Mg and Fe substitute Al in octahedral sites or Fe replaces Si in tetrahedral sheet of illite 33,35 . According to the crystallization environment, the XRD Bragg peaks of hematite look different from those of hematite formed in the nature which has its strong main peak at (104) reflected by Fe 9 . During ceramic firing, the peak at (110) related with oxygen atoms of the crystal appears earlier at the lower temperature than the main peak at (104).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Pyrometamorphic process of ceramic composite materials in pottery production in the Bronze/Iron Age of the Northern Caucasus (Russia)

Park

Milke

Efthimiopoulos³

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Pyrotechnology for the prehistoric pottery has been an important subject for the study of ancient production technology and technological styles. However, heterogeneous characteristics in chemical and mineralogical compositions and massive amounts of ceramic sherds at most archaeological sites make it difficult to identify production technologies. In this study, SEM-EDS/WDS, XRD and transmittance and reflectance FT-IR techniques were employed step by step, in order to overcome these limitations. The serial combination of each method covers a macro-, meso- and micro-scale and it enabled us to identify the relationship between firing temperature, reducing or oxidizing atmosphere and thermally induced mobility of Ca and Fe. Numerous ceramic pottery sherds from two archaeological sites in the North Caucasus, Ransyrt 1 (Middle-Late Bronze Age) and Kabardinka 2 (Late Bronze/Early Iron Age) were investigated and compared to the ceramics found at Levinsadovka and Saf’janovo around the Sea of Azov, Russia (Late/Final Bronze Age) for this purpose. Morphological changes by sintering and transformation of indicator minerals such as calcite, hematite, spinel, gehlenite, quartz and cis/trans-vacant 1M illite provide temperature thresholds at 675, 700, 750, 950, 1050, 1100, 1300 °C. With the laboratory based FT-IR, vibrational changes in shape, wavenumber and intensity corresponding to Si-O stretching bands yield an order and classification of the ceramics with regard to firing conditions between the samples as well as the unraveling of temperature profiles within a single sample in a 100 µm scale. With this approach, the number of archaeological ceramics could be classified according to the pyrometamorphic transformation of heterogeneous ceramic composite materials. Combined with the archaeological contexts of each site, these results will contribute to the reconstruction of local technological styles.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Pyrometamorphic process of ceramic composite materials in pottery production in the Bronze/Iron Age of the Northern Caucasus (Russia)

Park

Milke

Efthimiopoulos³

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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“…Du et al [102][103] combined the magnetic flocculation technology with ironcontaining materials to prepare porous magnetic seeds with core-shell structure, which achieved simultaneous removal of starch and phosphate in wastewater. As shown in Figure 10, the core-shell magnetic seeds prepared by sulfation roasting of fine magnetite particles have a porous α-Fe 2 O 3 structure on the surface, and the specific surface area is three times larger [103][104][105][106]. As shown in Figure 10, the phosphate and starch in the wastewater can be adsorbed on magnetic seeds surface, and then separated from the wastewater by magnetic separation.…”

Section: Removal Of Phosphate and Starch In Wastewatermentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic Separation of Impurities from Hydrometallurgy Solutions and Waste Water Using Magnetic Iron Ore Seeding

Han¹,

Sun²,

Sun³

et al. 2021

Iron Ores

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The removal of iron ion from leaching solution is critical for the recovery of value metals, with the method of choice commonly being crystallization (precipitation). This paper summarized the new improvements in iron removal by precipitation methods in recent years and proposed a novel process, magnetic seeding and separation. The new process can promote iron precipitate aggregation and growth on the surface of the magnetic iron ore seeds. A core-shell structure was formed of iron precipitate and magnetic iron ore seeds, which can be magnetized and coalesced in magnetic field, accelerating the solid-liquid separation. The efficient magnetic flocculation and separation offset the poor settleability and filterability of the residues, contributing to the development of the hydrometallurgy process. Moreover, magnetic seeding and separation was also used for the removal of organic and inorganic contaminants from wastewater, significantly improving the purification efficiency. Therefore, iron ore not only played an important role in mining and steel manufacture, but also can be used to solve some problems in crossing fields.

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“…China is one of the largest producers of iron ore, where in 2012 the iron ore production amounted to 1.3 billion tons, representing ~45% of global production [2]. Iron is one of the most abundant minerals, and the most ores in which iron is found are:: magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ), hematite (Fe 2 O 3 ), siderites (FeCO 3 ), or limonite (2Fe 2 O 3 •3H 2 O) [3,4].…”

Section: Introduction 1iron Orementioning

confidence: 99%

Mineralogical and Chemical Changes after Reduction Roasting of Xinjiang Iron Ore, China

Mustafa

Luo

Zheng

et al. 2022

Metals

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The mineralogical and chemical changes in Chinese Xinjiang iron ore containing impurities, lead, and zinc as a result of reduction roasting were studied via chemical analysis, optical microscopy, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Analysis showed that hematite was the main iron-bearing mineral, with small amounts of magnetite and iron silicate; lead impurities were mainly lead oxide and lead–iron alum, while zinc oxide was the main zinc impurity. X-ray fluorescence analysis for raw samples indicated the presence of quartz, hematite, magnetite, chlorite, calcite, and dolomite. The results of the analysis of roasted samples showed an increase in hematite at temperatures of 750 °C and 950 °C, while the elemental iron increased at a temperature of 1200 °C, along with the conversion of galena to lead oxide and sphalerite to zinc oxide, with a stable quartz ratio. The chemical analysis of the raw sample showed that the TFe grade of the sample was 47.04%, while the contents of harmful Pb and Zn impurities were 0.39% and 0.30%, respectively, both of which exceed the index (less than 0.10%) required by the iron industry for raw materials. The content of harmful sulfur impurities was also high, at 1.19%, which needs to be eliminated or reduced. The results of EPMA and EDS analysis of pre-roasting raw samples showed that chemical compositions vary in different locations in the hematite, magnetite, sphalerite, and galena micro-zones. It has also been observed that quartz is mostly diffused with magnetite and hematite, and sulfur appears in small quantities in most regions. The analysis after roasting showed that the percentages of lead, zinc, and sulfur impurities decreased by a large rate. It is clear that the roasting process plays a major role in removing impurities such as sulfur, which appears in a small percentage after the roasting process, and also helps in oxidizing the impurities of lead and zinc, which helps in removing them.

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Reduction roasting of hematite to magnetite using carbohydrates

Cited by 38 publications

References 12 publications

Pyrometamorphic process of ceramic composite materials in pottery production in the Bronze/Iron Age of the Northern Caucasus (Russia)

Pyrometamorphic process of ceramic composite materials in pottery production in the Bronze/Iron Age of the Northern Caucasus (Russia)

Magnetic Separation of Impurities from Hydrometallurgy Solutions and Waste Water Using Magnetic Iron Ore Seeding

Mineralogical and Chemical Changes after Reduction Roasting of Xinjiang Iron Ore, China

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