Reduction properties of high alumina iron ore cold bonded pellet with CO–H<sub>2</sub>mixtures

Zhang, Huishu; Li, Q.; Zou, Zongshu

doi:10.1179/1743281214y.0000000179

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Facing the risks of raw material shortages, China is working towards the feasibility of using domestic low grade/refractory iron ore resources. There is a large deposit in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region with an average of 43 wt.% Fe 2 O 3 and 25 wt.% Al 2 O 3 [156]. Rath et al [157] have reported on a low grade iron ore from India containing 51.6 wt.% Fe 2 O 3 , 17.6 wt.% SiO 2 and 4.3 wt.% Al 2 O 3 .…”

Section: Comparison With Low Grade Iron Oresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Red Mud as a Secondary Resource of Low-Grade Iron: A Global Perspective

et al. 2022

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Managing red mud (RM), a solid waste byproduct of the alumina recovery process, is a serious ecological and environmental issue. With ~150 million tons/year of RM being generated globally, nearly 4.6 billion tons of RM are presently stored in vast waste reserves. RM can be a valuable resource of metals, minor elements, and rare earth elements. The suitability of RM as a low-grade iron resource was assessed in this study. The utilization of RM as a material resource in several commercial, industrial operations was briefly reviewed. Key features of iron recovery techniques, such as magnetic separation, carbothermal reduction, smelting reduction, acid leaching, and hydrothermal techniques were presented. RMs from different parts of the globe including India, China, Greece, Italy, France, and Russia were examined for their iron recovery potential. Data on RM composition, iron recovery, techniques, and yields was presented. The composition range of RMs examined were: Fe2O3: 28.3–63.2 wt.%; Al2O3: 6.9–26.53 wt.%; SiO2: 2.3–22.0 wt.%; Na2O: 0.27–13.44 wt.%; CaO: 0.26–23.8 wt.%; Al2O3/SiO2: 0.3–4.6. Even with a high alumina content and high Al2O3/SiO2 ratios, it was possible to recover iron in all cases, showing the significant potential of RM as a secondary resource of low-grade iron.

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Section: Comparison With Low Grade Iron Oresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Red Mud as a Secondary Resource of Low-Grade Iron: A Global Perspective

et al. 2022

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“…13) The main reactions in the RHF are the reduction of iron oxide by solid carbon, post combustion of gas generated by reduction, and the gas combustion from the tuyere. As the metallization rate and residual carbon of the pellet are set, its coal consumption can be determined directly.…”

Section: Rhf Calculation Modulementioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Static Model of an Iron Bath Smelting Reduction Process with Thick Slag for Alumina-Rich Iron Ore

Zou

2015

ISIJ Int.

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In order to make comprehensive utilization of alumina-rich iron ore, a two-step three-vessel smelting reduction process is proposed, including the Rotary Hearth Furnace (RHF) for the pre-reduction of aluminarich iron oxide pellet, the Smelting Reduction Vessel (SRV) with a thick slag bath for the final reduction and melting of pellet, and the Gas Reforming Furnace (GRF) for reforming the exhaust gas from SRV. A three-level lances arrangement is designed to improve the energy utilization and production condition of the SRV. An overall process model is established for the whole process to calculate the mass and heat consumptions of all sections of the process, and to investigate the effect of operation conditions on the process performance. With 80% heat transfer efficiency of post combustion, the recommended post combustion ratio (PCR) of the SRV gas is 55% and the pellet metallization rate (PMR) is 80%. A zoned model of the SRV is developed to calculate the mass and heat balances of each reaction zones and especially to optimize the operation conditions. The recommended PCRs in the upper slag and lower slag are 15% and 0% respectively. The coal-only injection method is recommended in the lower slag.KEY WORDS: alumina-rich iron ore; iron bath smelting reduction; thick slag bath; process model; zoned model.

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“…Currently, in many enterprises, instead of high-quality iron ore, iron ore with high alumina is widely put into production due to its low price. China imports several million tons of high alumina iron ore from Australia, India, South East Asia, and Africa every year, driven by the continued massive growth of steel production in China which is expected to continue for years to come [1]. Theory and practice have demonstrated that alumina cannot be reduced in a blast furnace, therefore, it cannot stain the hot metal and does no harm to steelmaking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Al2O3 on the Formation of Calcium Ferrite in the Solid State

Bai

Shen

Zhu

et al. 2019

Metals

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Pure chemical reagents Fe2O3, Al2O3, and Ca(OH)2 were used to investigate the formation of calcium ferrite in the solid state. The phase composition of the prepared samples was determined using X-ray powder diffraction and by SEM. The TG-DSC analysis was performed to analyze the decomposition behavior and formation of calcium ferrites. The formation rate of calcium ferrite was determined by in-situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) and by the K-value method. The X-ray diffraction analysis was performed using Pt as the internal standard for application of the K-value method. The formation of Ca2Fe2O5 (C2F) occurred much earlier than the formation of CaFeO4 (CF). C2F and CF were formed at approximately 600 °C and 700–800 °C, respectively. With an increase of Al2O3 content, there was a tendency to decrease the melting temperature. There was a heating scheme in this study (i.e., 10 °C per minute to 1250 °C under a flowing atmosphere of high-purity air). The total amount of CF increased with an increase of the Al2O3 content, and the Al2O3 content reaching the maximum value of CF was 1.4%. As the Al2O3 content increased from 1.4% to 2.8%, the total amount of CF reduced slightly. When the Al2O3 concentration was greater than 2.8%, the content of CF generated significantly decreased with the increase of Al2O3.

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Reduction properties of high alumina iron ore cold bonded pellet with CO–H₂mixtures

Cited by 12 publications

References 5 publications

Red Mud as a Secondary Resource of Low-Grade Iron: A Global Perspective

Red Mud as a Secondary Resource of Low-Grade Iron: A Global Perspective

A Comprehensive Static Model of an Iron Bath Smelting Reduction Process with Thick Slag for Alumina-Rich Iron Ore

Effect of Al2O3 on the Formation of Calcium Ferrite in the Solid State

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Reduction properties of high alumina iron ore cold bonded pellet with CO–H2mixtures

Cited by 12 publications

References 5 publications

Red Mud as a Secondary Resource of Low-Grade Iron: A Global Perspective

Red Mud as a Secondary Resource of Low-Grade Iron: A Global Perspective

A Comprehensive Static Model of an Iron Bath Smelting Reduction Process with Thick Slag for Alumina-Rich Iron Ore

Effect of Al2O3 on the Formation of Calcium Ferrite in the Solid State

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Reduction properties of high alumina iron ore cold bonded pellet with CO–H₂mixtures