Reduction of Wustite Scale by Dissolved Carbon in Steel at 650–900 °C

Chen, R. Y.

doi:10.1007/s11085-017-9810-9

Cited by 10 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 17 publications

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“…[9][10][11][12][13] Hydrogen is a clean and efficient energy source, and the reduction product from oxide scale removal is water. Chen [14] used 5% H 2 -N 2 as a reducing atmosphere to systematically study the reduction kinetics of oxide scale across the width of hot rolled coils. The investigation found that the reduction rate was highest in regions with the greatest proportion of eutectoid structure, and this was attributed to the lower oxygen content of the oxide scale in the middle of the strip compared with the edge.…”

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confidence: 99%

Kinetics and Microstructure Transformations of Oxide Scale on Hot Rolled Steel Strip for Hot‐Dip Galvanizing during Reduction Annealing in 30% H₂–N₂ Atmosphere

Sun

Gao

Tang

et al. 2023

steel research int.

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The high surface quality and strong anticorrosion performance of galvanized steel sheet favor its widespread use in many industries such as construction, home appliance, automotive, and shipbuilding. The traditional production process of hot galvanized sheet can include hot rolling, pickling, cold rolling, cleaning, reduction annealing, and hotdip galvanizing. Pickling is an important process in the preparation of raw plate for hot-dip galvanizing, and concentrated mineral acids (e.g., hydrochloric [HCl] and sulfuric acids) are typically used to remove oxide scale on the surface of hot rolled steel strip. However, this process also results in consumption of the steel material, while over-and under-pickling can give rise to surface defects. In addition, emissions of HCl, a hazardous air pollutant, and the discharge of waste acid are of increasing environmental concern worldwide, particularly in those developing economies that have boosted steel production capacity. To overcome these issues, several acid-free (physical) descaling methods have been developed for oxide scale removal such as iron particle friction, plasma descaling, shot peening, grinding roller scrubbing, and spraying. [1][2][3] In the current economic climate, the steel industry faces major challenges to develop new and efficient green production technologies while realizing sustainable development.A typical pickling-free galvanized sheet production process comprises three main stages, i.e., hot rolling, reduction annealing, and hot-dip galvanizing. The hot rolling stage requires careful control to obtain oxide scale with a structure and thickness that is suitable for direct reduction. The oxide scale can then be reduced to pure iron in a reducing atmosphere, thus ensuring good wettability of the substrate for the continuous galvanizing processes. Hence, the shortcomings of pickling, and skip plating defects caused by the selective oxidation of alloyed elements like Si and Mn, are avoided. Waste acid emissions (equivalent to 20 kg per ton of steel) are also eliminated, and the overall production efficiency is much improved.The control of oxide scale on hot rolled steel strip during the pickling-free reduction galvanization process has been studied in detail. The oxide scale formed on iron during heating consists of three layers: the outermost layer is Fe 2 O 3 ; the middle layer comprises Fe 3 O 4 ; and the inner layer closest to the substrate is Fe 1 À y O. Between 570 and 1371 °C, the Fe 1 À y O phase is stable. As temperatures drop below 570 °C, Fe 1 À y O becomes unstable and transforms into a mixture of α-Fe and Fe 3 O 4 . According to the microstructure transformation mechanism of oxide scale, it

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Kinetics and Microstructure Transformations of Oxide Scale on Hot Rolled Steel Strip for Hot‐Dip Galvanizing during Reduction Annealing in 30% H₂–N₂ Atmosphere

Sun

Gao

Tang

et al. 2023

steel research int.

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Fracture Analysis for Intermediate Slabs of Wear-Resistant Steel Based on the Evolution of Surface Decarburization Behavior

Geng

Chang

Zhang

et al. 2023

The Minerals, Metals &Amp; Materials Series

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Decarburization of 60Si2MnA in Atmospheres Containing Different Levels of Oxygen, Water Vapour and Carbon Dioxide at 700–1000 °C

Chen¹,

Xu²,

Liu³

2019

Oxid Met

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Reduction of Wustite Scale by Dissolved Carbon in Steel at 650–900 °C

Cited by 10 publications

References 17 publications

Kinetics and Microstructure Transformations of Oxide Scale on Hot Rolled Steel Strip for Hot‐Dip Galvanizing during Reduction Annealing in 30% H₂–N₂ Atmosphere

Kinetics and Microstructure Transformations of Oxide Scale on Hot Rolled Steel Strip for Hot‐Dip Galvanizing during Reduction Annealing in 30% H₂–N₂ Atmosphere

Fracture Analysis for Intermediate Slabs of Wear-Resistant Steel Based on the Evolution of Surface Decarburization Behavior

Decarburization of 60Si2MnA in Atmospheres Containing Different Levels of Oxygen, Water Vapour and Carbon Dioxide at 700–1000 °C

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Reduction of Wustite Scale by Dissolved Carbon in Steel at 650–900 °C

Cited by 10 publications

References 17 publications

Kinetics and Microstructure Transformations of Oxide Scale on Hot Rolled Steel Strip for Hot‐Dip Galvanizing during Reduction Annealing in 30% H2–N2 Atmosphere

Kinetics and Microstructure Transformations of Oxide Scale on Hot Rolled Steel Strip for Hot‐Dip Galvanizing during Reduction Annealing in 30% H2–N2 Atmosphere

Fracture Analysis for Intermediate Slabs of Wear-Resistant Steel Based on the Evolution of Surface Decarburization Behavior

Decarburization of 60Si2MnA in Atmospheres Containing Different Levels of Oxygen, Water Vapour and Carbon Dioxide at 700–1000 °C

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Kinetics and Microstructure Transformations of Oxide Scale on Hot Rolled Steel Strip for Hot‐Dip Galvanizing during Reduction Annealing in 30% H₂–N₂ Atmosphere

Kinetics and Microstructure Transformations of Oxide Scale on Hot Rolled Steel Strip for Hot‐Dip Galvanizing during Reduction Annealing in 30% H₂–N₂ Atmosphere