Reduction of Transient Particulate Matter Spikes with Decision Tree Based Control

Brahma, Indranil

doi:10.4271/2012-01-0721

Cited by 3 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Dimensional modeling was used only to study the effects of the pressure ratio and the engine speed on the volumetric efficiency and the cylinder-to-cylinder variation, which are phenomena captured well with GT-Power and confirmed by validating with the measured steady state data. 45 Although all steady state modeled points in Figures 7 and 8 could only be achieved at higher turbocharger speeds and boost pressures than typically observed during the turbocharger lag period it was confirmed with modeling that this had no bearing on the pressure ratio-volumetric efficiency relationship. It can be seen from Figure 7 that the volumetric efficiency is extremely sensitive to the manifold pressure ratio, and it is imperative that any volumetric efficiency correlation should be obtained with data that include the maximum pressure ratios encountered during the turbocharger lag period.…”

Section: Observed Limitations Of Smoke Control Based On the Fuel-to-oxygen Ratiomentioning

confidence: 61%

“…Consequently, the particle concentration at the opacity meter during this time was different from the particle concentration at the turbocharger outlet. Based on analysis of the experimental data, 45 it appears that the particle concentration at the opacity meter reflects the engine-out opacity within 1 s, and this was confirmed by GT-Power modeling. 45 The main point to note here is that the real opacity spike is a little broader than that measured and one-to-one correspondence between the engine parameters and the measured opacity may not exist at every point.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…Based on analysis of the experimental data, 45 it appears that the particle concentration at the opacity meter reflects the engine-out opacity within 1 s, and this was confirmed by GT-Power modeling. 45 The main point to note here is that the real opacity spike is a little broader than that measured and one-to-one correspondence between the engine parameters and the measured opacity may not exist at every point. The steady state data were used to calibrate the GT-Power model and details are available in related work.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Based on GT-Power predictions the actual spike is believed to be broader. 45 Approximately 10 m of exhaust piping separated the opacity meter from the turbocharger outlet so that there was a measurement error resulting from the flow inertia of the system; i.e. during the initial stages of each transition from idle to full load it took some time for the flow to equalize between the turbocharger outlet and the opacity meter as the pressure increased in the pipe separating the two components.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The steady state data were used to calibrate the GT-Power model and details are available in related work. 45 Transient data were simulated in a quasi-static manner by replicating the engine parameters for every measured data point. The charge flow from the measured data was obviously not used; instead the measured exhaust and intake manifold pressures were matched with the aid of an intake throttle (not part of the engine hardware) and the turbocharger nozzle restriction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A decision-tree-based approach to smoke spike detection in a heavy-duty diesel engine

Brahma

2012

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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Smoke spikes occurring during transient engine operation have detrimental health effects and increase fuel consumption by requiring more frequent regeneration of the diesel particulate filter. This paper proposes a decision tree approach to real-time detection of smoke spikes for control and on-board diagnostics purposes. A contemporary, electronically controlled heavy-duty diesel engine was used to investigate the deficiencies of smoke control based on the fuel-to-oxygenratio limit. With the aid of transient and steady state data analysis and empirical as well as dimensional modeling, it was shown that the fuel-to-oxygen ratio was not estimated correctly during the turbocharger lag period. This inaccuracy was attributed to the large manifold pressure ratios and low exhaust gas recirculation flows recorded during the turbocharger lag period, which meant that engine control module correlations for the exhaust gas recirculation flow and the volumetric efficiency had to be extrapolated. The engine control module correlations were based on steady state data and it was shown that, unless the turbocharger efficiency is artificially reduced, the large manifold pressure ratios observed during the turbocharger lag period cannot be achieved at steady state. Additionally, the cylinder-to-cylinder variation during this period were shown to be sufficiently significant to make the average fuel-to-oxygen ratio a poor predictor of the transient smoke emissions. The steady state data also showed higher smoke emissions with higher exhaust gas recirculation fractions at constant fuel-to-oxygen-ratio levels. This suggests that, even if the fuel-to-oxygen ratios were to be estimated accurately for each cylinder, they would still be ineffective as smoke limiters. A decision tree trained on snap throttle data and pruned with engineering knowledge was able to use the inaccurate engine control module estimates of the fuel-to-oxygen ratio together with information on the engine control module estimate of the exhaust gas recirculation fraction, the engine speed, and the manifold pressure ratio to predict 94% of all spikes occurring over the Federal Test Procedure cycle. The advantages of this non-parametric approach over other commonly used parametric empirical methods such as regression were described. An application of accurate smoke spike detection in which the injection pressure is increased at points with a high opacity to reduce the cumulative particulate matter emissions substantially with a minimum increase in the cumulative nitrogrn oxide emissions was illustrated with dimensional and empirical modeling.

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Section: Observed Limitations Of Smoke Control Based On the Fuel-to-oxygen Ratiomentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A decision-tree-based approach to smoke spike detection in a heavy-duty diesel engine

Brahma

2012

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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Analysis of Pollutant Emission in Poland From Road Vehicles of the Generalised Category in Accordance With the Vehicle Application Criterion

Szczepański

Chłopek

Sar

et al. 2022

Environmental Protection and Natural Resources

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This paper presents the results of analyses that were focused on pollutant emissions from road vehicles classified into the generalised categories with respect to vehicle use. The analyses were performed using the authorised results of Poland's pollutant emission inventory, carried out in 1990–2020 by the National Centre for Emissions Management (KOBiZE) at the Institute of Environmental Protection – National Research Institute (IOŚ-PIB) in order to meet requirements for the national emissions reporting under EU legislation and the UNECE Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution. The following road vehicle categories were analysed: passenger cars, light duty vehicles, heavy-duty trucks, buses (urban buses and coaches) and L category (motorcycles, mopeds, quads, microcars). The emissions of selected pollutants that are harmful to the health of living beings were studied, i.e. nitrogen oxides, non-methane volatile organic compounds, sulfur compounds, particulate matter size fractions, carbon monoxide and lead compounds. The shares of national annual pollutant emissions from each studied vehicle category of the total pollutant emissions from road transport were determined. With the aim to assess trends in improving environmental properties of road vehicles, there were determined changes of the energy emission factors for individual pollutants in all the vehicle categories under the study. The results obtained showed dynamic decreases in the energy emission factors for nitrogen oxides, non-methane volatile organic compounds and carbon monoxide. In the case of particulate matter emission, the improvement was not as pronounced. The evident reduction in the emissions of sulfur and lead compounds in the 21st century was confirmed to be a consequence of practical elimination of these compounds from road vehicle fuels.

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Transient Smoke Reduction Using a Hybrid Combination of Dimensional and Empirical Modeling

Brahma¹

2013

SAE Technical Paper Series

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Reduction of Transient Particulate Matter Spikes with Decision Tree Based Control

Cited by 3 publications

References 49 publications

A decision-tree-based approach to smoke spike detection in a heavy-duty diesel engine

A decision-tree-based approach to smoke spike detection in a heavy-duty diesel engine

Analysis of Pollutant Emission in Poland From Road Vehicles of the Generalised Category in Accordance With the Vehicle Application Criterion

Transient Smoke Reduction Using a Hybrid Combination of Dimensional and Empirical Modeling

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