Reduction of TiCl4 to TiH2 with CaH2 in Presence of Ni Powder

Ardani, Mohammad Rezaei; Janabi, Aws Sadoon Mohammed Al; Udayakumar, Sanjith; Rezan, Sheikh Abdul; Mohamed, Abdul Rahman; Lee, Hooi Ling; Ibrahim, Ibnor Azli

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-05740-4_14

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…There have been several reports and trials to perform continuous processes based on the same chemistry as the above processes. Lu et al [59] produced a fine titanium powder from a titanium sponge by the shuttle: the disproportionation reaction and its reverse reaction (proportioning reaction) of titanium ions in molten NaCl-KCl at 750 • C. Moreover, some experiments were performed to synthesize TiH 2 from the reaction between CaH 2 and TiCl 4 in the presence of Ni [60].…”

Section: Hydrogen-assisted Magnesium Reduction (Hamr) Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Titanium: An Overview of Resources and Production Methods

2021

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For several decades, the metallurgical industry and the research community worldwide have been challenged to develop energy-efficient and low-cost titanium production processes. The expensive and energy-consuming Kroll process produces titanium metal commercially, which is highly matured and optimized. Titanium’s strong affinity for oxygen implies that conventional Ti metal production processes are energy-intensive. Over the past several decades, research and development have been focusing on new processes to replace the Kroll process. Two fundamental groups are categorized for these methods: thermochemical and electrochemical. This literature review gives an insight into the titanium industry, including the titanium resources and processes of production. It focuses on ilmenite as a major source of titanium and some effective methods for producing titanium through extractive metallurgy processes and presents a critical view of the opportunities and challenges.

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Section: Hydrogen-assisted Magnesium Reduction (Hamr) Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Titanium: An Overview of Resources and Production Methods

2021

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“…In the current study, the TiH 2 was synthesized from TiCl 4 gas reacted with the MgH 2 powder at 500 • C for 12 h at the lab scale. Our previous attempts to synthesize TiH 2 at a temperature between 250 and 500 • C indicated that higher temperatures positively impacted the formation of TiH 2 [24][25][26][27][28]. The reduction products were then washed with water and diluted HCl to separate TiH 2 powder from the reaction byproducts.…”

Section: Synthesis Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The solution residue from water washing is then sent to the electrolysis (procedure P-8/1) for Mg metal production, which can later be reacted with H 2 gas to produce MgH 2 for the reduction process. On the other hand, the TiH 2 powder is used as a raw material for a dehydrogenation reactor (P-9) for Ti powder production [23,24]. It should be noted that the H 2 gas emission from procedures P-7 and P-9 can be collected and stored in vessel P-10/V-102 for further application in the ilmenite reduction process (P-2).…”

Section: Process Simulation and Economics Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The obtained TiO x C y N z is then chlorinated at 400 • C to produce TiCl 4 gas [22,23]. The author proposed directly reacting the obtained TiCl 4 gas with metal hydrides such as MgH 2 to produce TiH 2 powder at low-temperature ranges under the hydrogen (H 2 ) atmosphere [24][25][26]. The TiH 2 powder can then transform into Ti powder through the dehydrogenation process in a vacuum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis of Ti Powder from the Reduction of TiCl4 with Metal Hydrides in the H2 Atmosphere: Thermodynamic and Techno-Economic Analyses

et al. 2021

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Titanium hydride (TiH2) is one of the basic materials for titanium (Ti) powder metallurgy. A novel method was proposed to produce TiH2 from the reduction of titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) with magnesium hydride (MgH2) in the hydrogen (H2) atmosphere. The primary approach of this process is to produce TiH2 at a low-temperature range through an efficient and energy-saving process for further titanium powder production. In this study, the thermodynamic assessment and technoeconomic analysis of the process were investigated. The results show that the formation of TiH2 is feasible at low temperatures, and the molar ratio between TiCl4 and metal hydride as a reductant material has a critical role in its formation. Moreover, it was found that the yield of TiH2 is slightly higher when CaH2 is used as a reductant agent. The calculated equilibrium composition diagrams show that when the molar ratio between TiCl4 and metal hydrides is greater than the stoichiometric amount, the TiCl3 phase also forms. With a further increase in this ratio to greater than 4, no TiH2 was formed, and TiCl3 was the dominant product. Furthermore, the technoeconomic study revealed that the highest return on investment was achieved for the production scale of 5 t/batch of Ti powder production, with a payback time of 2.54 years. The analysis shows that the application of metal hydrides for TiH2 production from TiCl4 is technically feasible and economically viable.

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