Reduction of the oestrogenic effect of zearalenone in pigs by a feed additive

Abstract

Zearalenone is phenolic resorcyclic acid lactone produced by a number of Fusarium species grown on grains, predominantly on maize, in high moisture environment. Due to its oestrogenic effects, feeds contaminated with zearalenone can cause striking negative effects on reproduction primarily in pigs. The aim of the study was to test the efficiency of a feed additive developed for enzymatic decomposition of mycotoxins. A total of sixty 6-week-old conventional Dutch Landrace × Hungarian Large White F 1 female pigs weaned at 30 ± 2 days of age were divided into 6 groups of 10 animals. Between 50 and 70 days of age, 4 groups of pigs (experimental) were treated with zearalenone (8 or 16 mg/pig dose) administered every other day via an oesophageal tube; pigs from the other two groups were not treated with zearalenone and served as controls. Throughout the experiment, the diet of two experimental groups and one control group was supplemented with a feed additive (named: Detoxa Plus) at a concentration of 1 kg/tonne; pigs from the other control group received neither zearalenone treatment, nor the feed additive. Pigs' live weight, weight of ovaries and uterus, histological characteristics of the ovaries, uterus, vagina, spleen and lymph nodes, liver concentrations of zearalenone and its metabolites (α-and β-zearalenol) were studied. This study showed the preventive capacity of the feed additive against zearalenone. Positive effects included the prevention of uterine enlargement, beneficial effects on the histopathological scores of ovaries, uterus and vagina and reduced concentration of zearalenone and metabolites in the liver. This study demonstrates for the first time that due to its enzymatic activity Detoxa Plus renders zearalenone contaminated feeds less toxic.

Aerobic and anaerobicin vitrotesting of feed additives claiming to detoxify deoxynivalenol and zearalenone

“…Moreover, poor in vitro activity does not necessarily implicate in vivo failure. While for instance in vivo data for one tested product (Kiyothong et al 2012) is in agreement with our in vitro data for both toxins, another tested product shows reduction of deleterious effects caused by ZEN only in vivo (Brydl et al 2014). …”

The determination of zearalenone and its major metabolites in endometrial cancer tissues

“…In a study of female rats, Turcotte [9] reported an increase in uterine weight in animals administered feed containing ZEA. In the work of Brydl et al [10], the uterine weight of pigs receiving feed contaminated with ZEA was higher in comparison with the control group, and endometrial hyperplasia was observed in the experimental animals. The results of research [11][12][13][14][15] investigating the effects on ZEA and its metabolites on the reproductive organs of animals constitute the basis for human studies.…”

Enzyme Degradation Reagents Effectively Remove Mycotoxins Deoxynivalenol and Zearalenone from Pig and Poultry Artificial Digestive Juices

“…It is shown that the mineral binders had binding efficacies of 8.11% to 14.71%, and 13.67% to 29.97% for DON and ZEN in AGJ, as well as 12.29% to 31.31%, and 0% to 23.16% in AIJ, respectively. To date, there is no in vitro report for detecting DON and ZEN removabilities of EDRs, only in vivo reports are available [35,36]. It is because previous in vitro simulations methods only used simple buffer solutions [33,37], which may not be a suitable condition for the enzymatic reactions.…”