Reduction of snow albedo from vehicle emissions at Portillo, Chile

Cereceda-Balic, Francisco; Vidal, Víctor; Moosmüller, Hans; Lapuerta, Magı́n

doi:10.1016/j.coldregions.2017.11.008

Cited by 26 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Carbonaceous aerosols in the atmosphere, including BC and BrC (Chakrabarty et al, 2010;Lack et al, 2014), are dominantly generated by incomplete combustion of fossil and biomass fuels with significant additional generation of secondary organic aerosols through oxidation of volatile precursors in the atmosphere (Bond et al, 2004;Lin et al, 2014). These aerosols are lofted into the atmosphere, where, during transport of a few days to weeks, they undergo secondary processing (Jimenez et al, 2009) and eventually are removed from the atmosphere through wet or dry deposition (Bond et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because the imaginary part of the refractive index is so high for BC relative to that of snow, a small amount of BC present in the snowpack significantly increases the co-albedo in those spectral regions (Warren and Wiscombe, 1980;Cereceda-Balic et al, 2018). For BrC, the imaginary refractive index of hematite is larger in the shorter visible wavelengths and near-UV (Chakrabarty et al, 2010;Moosmüller et al, 2009Moosmüller et al, , 2011. Combustion systems -typically smoldering wildland fires -that produce a significant amount of BrC will have smoke plumes that are brownish or yellowish in appearance because of this spectral dependence (Andreae and Gelencsér, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Apparatus for dry deposition of aerosols on snow

Beres

Moosmüller

2018

Atmos. Meas. Tech.

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Deposition of light-absorbing aerosol on snow can drastically change the albedo of the snow surface and the energy balance of the snowpack. To study these important effects experimentally and to compare them with theory, it is desirable to have an apparatus for such deposition experiments. Here, we describe a simple apparatus to generate and evenly deposit light-absorbing aerosols onto a flat snow surface. Aerosols are produced (combustion aerosols) or entrained (mineral dust aerosols) and continuously transported into a deposition chamber placed on the snow surface where they deposit onto and into the snowpack, thereby modifying its surface reflectance and albedo. We demonstrate field operation of this apparatus by generating black and brown carbon combustion aerosols and entraining hematite mineral dust aerosol and depositing them on the snowpack. Changes in spectral snow reflectance are demonstrated qualitatively through pictures of snow surfaces after aerosol deposition and quantitatively by measuring hemispherical-conical reflectance spectra for the deposited areas and for adjacent snowpack in its natural state. Additional potential applications for this apparatus are mentioned and briefly discussed.Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apparatus for dry deposition of aerosols on snow

Beres

Moosmüller

2018

Atmos. Meas. Tech.

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“…A case study in the area of the sky complex in Portillo (32.83°S, 70.13°W) showed a negative relationship between local vehicle emissions and the snow albedo measured in situ. However, it could not quantify the SDE from vehicular emissions [23]. The impact of changes in snow albedo during spring melting in Central Andes of Chile (CAC) generates great concern because the quantity melting and its timing are critical for the determination of water resources available to more than 7 million inhabitants [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To improve this understanding, the main objective of this study was to investigate the aerosols effect on the snow albedo reduction in several basins of the CAC during the spring season, based on satellite remote sensing data for the years 2000-2016. The role aerosols that play in the negative snow albedo trend have been treated in [22], and its relationship with the distribution and local deposition of aerosols in snow has been identified in previous studies for this region [23,[25][26][27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of absorbing aerosols on austral spring snow albedo reduction by several basins in the Central Andes of Chile from daily satellite observations (2000–2016) and a case study with the WRF-Chem model

et al. 2019

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Changes in snow albedo (SA) on the Limari, Choapá, Aconcagua and Maipo basins of the Central Andes of Chile (CAC) are associated with the possible deposition of light-absorbing particles in the austral spring. We correlate SA with daily data of snow cover, aerosol optical depth (AOD) and land surface temperature (LST) available from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the NASA Terra satellite between 2000 and 2016, and other derived parameters such as days after albedo (DAS) and snow precipitation (SP). We used satellite pixels with 100% snow cover to obtain monthly average value of SA, LST, AOD, DAS and SP from September to November performing multiple regression analysis. We show that in Maipo, after considering LST, AOD represents an important role in changes induced to SA. The multiple regression model illustrates that AOD increases can reduce the SA during spring months by 13.59, 0.01, 0.77 and 3.8% in Limari, Choapá, Aconcagua and Maipo, respectively. In addition, we used a numerical prediction Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem), showing that the black carbon distribution and average daily AOD are associated with the SA decrease of 0.15 in the Maipo basin between September 29 and 30, 2016. The WRF-Chem output showed aerosols are transported mainly with dominating westerly winds to the Limari and Maipo basins. Our results further suggest that SA decrease due to AOD may be originated in the largest industrial and urban areas in Chile, producing a negative impact on the hydrological resource, generated in the CAC.

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“…10 For BC, the imaginary part κ of the refractive index is relatively large (κ  0.79) and varies little over the visible and nearvisible wavelength regions (Bond et al, 2006;Moosmüller et al, 2009). Because the imaginary part of the refractive index is so high for BC relative to that of snow, a small amount of BC present in the snowpack significantly increases the co-albedo in those spectral regions (Warren and Wiscombe, 1980;Cereceda-Balic et al, 2018). For BrC, the imaginary part of the refractive index generally increases towards shorter visible and ultra-violet wavelengths (Chakrabarty et al, 2010;Moosmüller et al, 15 2009;Moosmüller et al, 2011).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Apparatus for Dry Deposition of Aerosols on Snow

Beres¹,

Moosmüller²

2018

Preprint

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Abstract. Deposition of light absorbing aerosol on snow can drastically change the albedo of the snow surface and the energy balance of the snowpack. To study these important effects experimentally and to compare with theory, it is desirable to have an apparatus for such deposition experiments. Here, we describe a simple apparatus to generate and evenly deposit light absorbing aerosols onto a flat snow surface. Aerosols are produced (combustion aerosols) or entrained (mineral dust aerosols) 10 and continuously transported into a deposition chamber placed on the snow surface where they deposit onto and into the snowpack, thereby modifying its surface reflectance and albedo. We demonstrate field operation of this apparatus by generating black and brown carbon combustion aerosols and entraining hematite mineral dust aerosol and depositing them on the snowpack. Changes in spectral snow reflectance is demonstrated qualitatively through pictures of snow surfaces after aerosol deposition and quantitatively by measuring hemispherical-conical reflectance spectra for the deposited areas and for 15 adjacent snowpack in its natural state. Additional potential applications for this apparatus are mentioned and briefly discussed.

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Reduction of snow albedo from vehicle emissions at Portillo, Chile

Cited by 26 publications

References 28 publications

Apparatus for dry deposition of aerosols on snow

Apparatus for dry deposition of aerosols on snow

Assessment of absorbing aerosols on austral spring snow albedo reduction by several basins in the Central Andes of Chile from daily satellite observations (2000–2016) and a case study with the WRF-Chem model

Apparatus for Dry Deposition of Aerosols on Snow

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