Reduction of respiration rates by forming aggregations in diapausing adults of the shield bug, Parastrachia japonensis

Tojo, Sachiko; Nagase, Yukihiro; Filippi, Lisa

doi:10.1016/j.jinsphys.2005.05.006

Cited by 30 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…While group living is associated with a number of costs such as increased competition for food resources (Elgar, 1986 ; Grand and Dill, 1999 ), intensified conflict over reproduction (Huchard and Cowlishaw, 2011 ), and, in some cases, deleterious effects of inbreeding (Charlesworth and Charlesworth, 1987 ; Charlesworth and Willis, 2009 ), these must be outweighed, from an evolutionary perspective, by benefits such as reduced predation risk (Hamilton, 1971 ; Sorato et al, 2012 ; Unglaub et al, 2013 ) and increased foraging success (Ward and Zahavi, 1973 ; Stander, 1992 ). In addition, there is evidence that cooperation can increase fitness by lowering energy and/or resource requirements for certain tasks (Muradian et al, 1999 ; Tojo et al, 2005 ), although such energetic benefits of group living are arguably less well-explored, particularly for ectotherms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it is likely that the beneficial effects of these behaviors are strongly dependent on ambient temperature experienced by the group. As ectotherms do not expend energy to maintain a constant body temperature huddling has been suggested to provide benefits in the form of a reduced rate of water loss (Broly et al, 2014 ) and a reduced metabolic rate (Tojo et al, 2005 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, because SMR represents the summed costs of all biological activities it may be difficult to interpret this in a clear cost/benefit setting. Indeed, studies of SMR in relation to group size in arthropods have reported unchanged, reduced, or elevated SMR, rendering this question unresolved (Anderson, 1993 ; Tojo et al, 2005 ; Schoombie et al, 2013 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Benefits of Group Living Include Increased Feeding Efficiency and Lower Mass Loss during Desiccation in the Social and Inbreeding Spider Stegodyphus dumicola

et al. 2016

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Group living carries a price: it inherently entails increased competition for resources and reproduction, and may also be associated with mating among relatives, which carries costs of inbreeding. Nonetheless, group living and sociality is found in many animals, and understanding the direct and indirect benefits of cooperation that override the inherent costs remains a challenge in evolutionary ecology. Individuals in groups may benefit from more efficient management of energy or water reserves, for example in the form of reduced water or heat loss from groups of animals huddling, or through reduced energy demands afforded by shared participation in tasks. We investigated the putative benefits of group living in the permanently social spider Stegodyphus dumicola by comparing the effect of group size on standard metabolic rate, lipid/protein content as a body condition measure, feeding efficiency, per capita web investment, and weight/water loss and survival during desiccation. Because energetic expenditure is temperature sensitive, some assays were performed under varying temperature conditions. We found that feeding efficiency increased with group size, and the rate of weight loss was higher in solitary individuals than in animals in groups of various sizes during desiccation. Interestingly, this was not translated into differences in survival or in standard metabolic rate. We did not detect any group size effects for other parameters, and group size effects did not co-vary with experimental temperature in a predictive manner. Both feeding efficiency and mass loss during desiccation are relevant ecological factors as the former results in lowered predator exposure time, and the latter benefits social spiders which occupy arid, hot environments.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Benefits of Group Living Include Increased Feeding Efficiency and Lower Mass Loss during Desiccation in the Social and Inbreeding Spider Stegodyphus dumicola

et al. 2016

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“…Living in groups is an important social behaviour exhibited by many species across various environmental conditions (Krause and Ruxton 2002). Animals form social groups in order to gain individual fitness benefits (Pöysä 1992;Pitcher 1998;Tojo et al 2005;Mikheev 2009;Vanthournout et al 2016). Group living can facilitate information transfer among individuals (Krause and Ruxton 2002) and enhance social learning (Helfman and Schultz 1984;Brown and Laland 2003), thus improving an individual's ability to locate and utilise food sources (Krebs et al 1972;Pitcher et al 1982;Magurran and Pitcher 1983;Hintz and Lonzarich 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

To group or not to group: Effect of prolonged exposure to predation and resource availability on the shoaling behaviour of zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Majeed

Cyriac

Kodandaramaiah³

2020

Preprint

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AbstractIndividuals of many species live in groups to obtain anti-predatory advantages, foraging benefits and for social reasons. Living in large groups can reduce predation, but as group size increases, competition for resources also increases. The trade-off between the advantages of group living for an individual and competition caused by it can determine group dynamics, and this trade-off can vary with environmental conditions. Shoaling behaviour, the tendency of fish to form groups, is shown to be affected by factors such as resource availability, presence of predators and conspecifics. Although studies indicate that both predation and starvation pressure in an environment can determine whether fish choose to shoal or not, whether prolonged exposure to such conditions influences shoaling behaviour remains little explored. Here, we test how predation pressure and resource availability may interactively shape the shoaling behaviour of zebrafish (Danio rerio) when exposed to combinations of these pressures over a two-week period. We find that shoal size increases with predation and decreases with starvation, and that greater predation pressure increases shoaling tendencies even under reduced food availability. Overall, we show that prolonged exposure to varying predation pressure and resource availability can together influence shoaling tendencies of fish even when such pressures are relaxed.Significant statementIn group living species, group structure and dynamics depend on various intrinsic factors and environmental stressors. Shoaling behaviour in fish, where individuals aggregate to form groups, is shown to be altered with environmental factors such as predation and resource availability. Although studies have examined the effects of these cues on shoaling behaviour, the ecological circumstances experienced by fish could also influence shoaling tendencies. We here show that shoaling behaviour is also shaped by previous experience of fish to predation and food resource availability. We check how shoaling behaviour varies with differences in predation pressure and resource availability after prolonged exposure to these conditions by measuring the shoal size and shoal cohesion in zebrafish. This study illuminates how shoaling tendencies of individuals shaped by the environmental conditions persist even when these environmental pressures are removed.

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“…The bugs with extended parental behavior are: Sehirus cinctus cinctus (Palisot de Beauvois) (Sites & McPherson 1982;Agrawal et al 2004Agrawal et al , 2005; Adomerus triguttulus (Motchulsky) (Kudo & Nakahira 2004Kudo et al 2006;Nakahira & Kudo 2008); Adomerus variegatus (Signoret) (Mukai et al 2010); Canthophorus niveimarginatus Scott (Sehirinae) (Filippi et al 2009;Baba et al 2011); and the most studied Parastrachia japonensis Scott (Parastrachidae) (Tachikawa & Schaefer 1985;Tsukamoto & Tojo 1992;Tsukamoto et al 1994;Filippi et al 1995aFilippi et al , 1995bFilippi et al , 2000aFilippi et al , 2000bFilippi et al , 2001Filippi et al , 2002Filippi et al , 2005Nomakuchi et al 1998;Hironaka et al 2005Hironaka et al , 2007aHironaka et al , 2007bHironaka et al , 2007cTojo et al 2005). In a laboratory experiment adults and nymphs of Adrisa magna Uhler were observed to carry seeds of Sophora japonica L. (Leguminosae) to shelter places allowing communal feeding and possible provisioning for nymphs (Takeuchi & Tamura 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Round-the-clock Homing Behavior of a Subsocial Shield Bug, Parastrachia japonensis (Heteroptera: Parastrachiidae), Using Path Integration

et al. 2007

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Reduction of respiration rates by forming aggregations in diapausing adults of the shield bug, Parastrachia japonensis

Cited by 30 publications

References 16 publications

Benefits of Group Living Include Increased Feeding Efficiency and Lower Mass Loss during Desiccation in the Social and Inbreeding Spider Stegodyphus dumicola

Benefits of Group Living Include Increased Feeding Efficiency and Lower Mass Loss during Desiccation in the Social and Inbreeding Spider Stegodyphus dumicola

To group or not to group: Effect of prolonged exposure to predation and resource availability on the shoaling behaviour of zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Round-the-clock Homing Behavior of a Subsocial Shield Bug, Parastrachia japonensis (Heteroptera: Parastrachiidae), Using Path Integration

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