Reduction of reactive red 241 by oxygen insensitive azoreductase purified from a novel strain Staphylococcus KU898286

Nisar, Numrah; Aleem, Amber; Saleem, Faiza; Aslam, Fakhra; Shahid, Ammara; Chaudhry, Hina; Malik, Kausar; Albaser, Abdulhadi; Iqbal, Amjad; Qadri, Rashad; Yang, Yaodong

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0175551

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…Further, a pathway was proposed for the breakdown of the Reactive Red 120 dye. The Reactive Red 120 dye structure was broken down by the cleavage of N=N azo bonds with the generation of unknown intermediate and 2‐aminobenzenesulfonic acid; it was converted into benzoquinone, which has been previously reported by Nisar et al (2017). The unknown intermediate was further reduced to sodium 4‐(6‐chloro‐4,5‐dihydro‐4‐imino‐1,3,5‐triazin‐2‐ylamino)‐5‐hydroxynaphthalene‐2,7‐disulfonate, which was reduced to 2‐(2‐amino‐2‐formylethyl)‐3‐hydroxybenzoic acid.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 65%

Biodegradation and biosorption of Reactive Red 120 dye by immobilized Pseudomonas guariconensis: Kinetic and toxicity study

Reddy

Osborne

2020

Water Environment Research

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Reactive dyes are pernicious pollutants in textile effluent, which are to be treated passably before discharging into the environment. In the present study, a potential dye degrading bacterial strain Pseudomonas guariconensis was isolated from paddy rhizosphere and was characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The biodegradation ability of the strain was evaluated by time‐based study with immobilized bacterial cells in calcium alginate biocarrier matrix and also with free cells. The results indicated that the strain exhibited maximum degradation of 91% when immobilized in the biocarrier matrix. The enzymatic study revealed the production of oxidoreductase enzymes. The degraded products were identified as 2‐amino‐3‐phenylpropanoic acid and benzoquinone by gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC‐MS) analysis, and a degradative pathway was derived based on the enzymatic profile. A packed bed column was designed using P. guariconensis VITSAJ5 immobilized in calcium alginate beads as a biosorbent for the removal of Reactive Red 120. The immobilized bacterial cells exhibited 87% uptake of RR120, whereas the nonimmobilized bacterial cells exhibited a maximum uptake of 37%. The phytotoxicity analysis by seed germination assay revealed an enhanced plumule and radicle length, indicating the nontoxic byproducts after the treatment of Reactive Red 120 by VITSAJ5 compared to the untreated Reactive Red 120 solution. Practitioner points Current study is the first report on Pseudomonas guariconensis capable of degrading reactive dyes (Reactive Red 120) It was observed that the degradation potential was maximum when cells were immobilized with Ca‐Ag biocarrier matrix Breakdown metabolism of Reactive Red 120 was derived through pathway prediction Employing immobilized bacteria in a packed bed column found to possess a prominent biosorption ability on the matrix enhancing the degradation process Toxic reactive dye was converted into nontoxic compounds, evidenced by phytotoxicity studies

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 65%

Biodegradation and biosorption of Reactive Red 120 dye by immobilized Pseudomonas guariconensis: Kinetic and toxicity study

Reddy

Osborne

2020

Water Environment Research

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“…Selected bacterial isolates showed a variable dye color removal potential at 100 mg/l concentration of the respec- tive dyes. The variable rate of color removal with experimental azo dyes demonstrated that the rate of reduction considerably differed between dye/organism combination (Chauhan et al, 2017;Nisar et al, 2017), indicating the unique reduction potential of the bacteria as well as a different susceptibility of dyes towards reductases (Karim et al, 2018). Previously, studies (Neoh et al, 2015;Skariyachan et al, 2016;Vats and Mishra, 2017) reported that the efficiency of dye decolorization was affected by availability, survival potential, acclimatization, and efficacy of biocatalysts synthesized by microorganisms.…”

Section: Dye Decolorization Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Textile azo dye decolorization and detoxification using bacteria isolated from textile effluents

Karnwal¹

2019

bta

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Azo dyes, which are highly toxic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic for living organisms, are used as coloring chemicals in textile industries. Physicochemical methods used for removing azo dyes are expensive, can generate secondary waste, and are not very efficient. In this study, we used a biological approach to reduce the toxicity of three azo dyes, i.e., congo red, methyl orange, and reactive red 198, from textile effluents. Six dye-decolorizing bacteria were screened from waste water obtained from the textile industry (in the dyeing process) at a concentration 100 mg/l for each azo dye. Using a 16S rRNA approach, the bacteria were identified and assigned as Enterococcus faecalis VTK04, Staphylococcus aureus VTK013, Pseudomonas aeruginosa VTK018, Proteus mirabilis VTK024, Bacillus cereus VTK035, and Enterococcus faecium VTK054. These bacteria were tested for their ability to produce biofilms on the abiotic surface. The adherence assay showed that VTK013, VTK054, and VTK024 had a potential to form stable biofilms on abiotic surfaces (OD570 = 1.37). Moreover, the dye decolorization potential was spectrophotometrically measured after seven days with and without a carbon substrate. The results demonstrated that the absence of the carbon source had a negative impact on decolorization, whereas a carbon-supplemented medium showed a considerable increase in the decolorization of congo red (80% and 96% by VTK013 and VTK018, respectively), methyl orange (100% and 75% by VTK054 and VTK035, respectively), and reactive red 198 (90% and 86% by VTK04 and VTK024, respectively). The phytotoxicity study of the treated dye solutions showed lesser toxicity compared to the untreated dye solution. These results support the possibility of using bacterial isolates for the biodegradation of azo dye effluents.

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“…A 25 KDa AzoR enzyme band was observed in our isolate of Serratia marcescens, after SDS PAGE analysis. Eslami et al [47] previously reported a 22 Kda AzoR from a halophilic bacterium whereas a 29 KDa AzoR was isolated by Nisar et al [48] from a Staphylococcus sp. Dong et al [49] reported many copies of NAD(P)H-dependent AzoR in Serratia sp.…”

Section: Azor Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation of sulphonated mono and di-azo dye as the sole carbon source inSerratia marcescens: Insights from combined wet and dry lab analysis

Basharat¹,

Yasmin

2023

Preprint

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The high production volume of azo dyes for manufacturing and treating various consumer products leads to deleterious environmental consequences. Bacterial agents present in the environment can degrade these dyes. We, hereby, report the isolation, decolorization and degradation of a mono (Methyl orange) and di-azoic (Congo red) compound of this class of dyes by a versatile bacterium Serratia marcescens. Our isolate showed the capability of sulphonated azo dye utilization/degradation i.e. Methyl orange and Congo red usage, with no inhibitory effects on its growth in the minimal medium. The calorimetric analysis showed 80.83% decolourization of Methyl orange and 92.7% decolourization of Congo red after 7 days of incubation in a shaking incubator at pH: 7 and temperature: 37 degrees Celsius. An azoreductase enzyme of ~25 KDa was detected after SDS-PAGE analysis. Quantitative and qualitative testing of the degradation phenomenon was followed by in silico analysis. Structural modeling followed by molecular docking in Molecular Operating Environment revealed numerous residues involved in binding and assisting degradation. Changes in the apo, holo, and dye-bound enzyme energy profiles were also observed. This is the first study reporting the capability of Serratia marcescens to use azo dyes/sulphonated azo dyes as the sole carbon source and the detailed computational analysis of the degradation phenomenon. We hope that these findings will be of use to environmental scientists, aid in better dye-degrading mutant creation to help craft future remediation strategies for sulphonated azo dyes.

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Reduction of reactive red 241 by oxygen insensitive azoreductase purified from a novel strain Staphylococcus KU898286

Cited by 11 publications

References 17 publications

Biodegradation and biosorption of Reactive Red 120 dye by immobilized Pseudomonas guariconensis: Kinetic and toxicity study

Biodegradation and biosorption of Reactive Red 120 dye by immobilized Pseudomonas guariconensis: Kinetic and toxicity study

Textile azo dye decolorization and detoxification using bacteria isolated from textile effluents

Degradation of sulphonated mono and di-azo dye as the sole carbon source inSerratia marcescens: Insights from combined wet and dry lab analysis

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