Reduction of quantum noise in optical parametric amplification

Levenson, Juan Ariel; Abram, I.; Rivera, T.; Grangier, P.

doi:10.1364/josab.10.002233

Cited by 161 publications

(105 citation statements)

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“…First, it should be noted that while amplifiers can effectively recover classical signals, they only offer limited advantages when working on quantum signals, as amplification is bound to preserve the original signal to noise ratio (SNR) [19,24,25]. This implies that ordinary linear amplifiers, as those realized by optical parametric processes [26], can only find limited applications in the context of QKD [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the maximum transmission distance of continuous-variable quantum key distribution using a noiseless amplifier

et al. 2012

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We show that the maximum transmission distance of continuous-variable quantum key distribution in presence of a Gaussian noisy lossy channel can be arbitrarily increased using a heralded noiseless linear amplifier. We explicitly consider a protocol using amplitude-and phase-modulated coherent states with reverse reconciliation. Assuming that the secret key rate drops to zero for a line transmittance T lim , we find that a noiseless amplifier with amplitude gain g can improve this value to T lim /g 2 , corresponding to an increase in distance proportional to log g.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the maximum transmission distance of continuous-variable quantum key distribution using a noiseless amplifier

et al. 2012

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“…It can also be used to reduce timing jitter [9] as well as phase jitter [10] in long-haul lightwave systems. Although FOPAs can be used to manipulate quantum noise with a proper control of phase differences among the four interacting waves [11]- [13], modern communication systems do not yet employ phase-sensitive amplification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fiber Optic Parametric Amplifiers for Lightwave Systems

Yaman

Lin

Agrawal³

2006

Guided Wave Optical Components and Devices

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“…However, to date phase-insensitive amplification at the quantum limit has been only partially demonstrated [8,9]: a number of difficulties are indeed involved in practice, especially for low gain applications. These difficulties mainly lie in the fact that the amplified field has to be efficiently coupled, mediated by a non linearity, to a pump field.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In Raman amplifiers and Brillouin amplifiers zero-point fluctuations of respectively lattice vibrational modes (optical phonon) and acoustic phonon modes cause the noise [1]. The efficiency of a phase-insensitive amplifier is typically quantified by the noise figure [3,9], which is defined by NF≡ SNR out /SNR in . Here SNR in(out) is the signalto-noise ratio of the input (output) field.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…However, provided that the spurious technical noise N cl is constant or has only a weak dependence on G, the noise figure still approaches the quantum limit of 3dB in the high gain regime. The situation is different at low gains, as technical noise or internal losses become devastating for quantum noise limited performance [8,9]. To date, these effects have hitherto prevented the full demonstration of quantum noise limited phase-insensitive amplification in the low gain regime [11], which is the domain of interest in the context of quantum information science.…”

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Universal Optical Amplification without Nonlinearity

et al. 2006

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We propose and experimentally realize a new scheme for universal phase-insensitive optical amplification. The presented scheme relies only on linear optics and homodyne detection, thus circumventing the need for nonlinear interaction between a pump field and the signal field. The amplifier demonstrates near optimal quantum noise limited performance for a wide range of amplification factors.PACS numbers: 42.65.Yj, 42.50.Lc, Optical amplification is inevitably affected by fundamental quantum noise no matter whether it is phase sensitive or phase insensitive as stressed by Louisell et al. [1] and by Haus and Mullen [2]. The ultimate limits imposed by quantum mechanics on amplifiers was later concisely formulated by Caves [3] in fundamental theorems. This intrinsic noise, intimately linked with measurement theory and the no-cloning theorem, gives rise to many inextricable restrictions on the manipulations of quantum states. For example, microscopic quantum objects cannot be perfectly transformed, through amplification, into macroscopic objects for detailed inspection [4]: for phase insensitive amplification nonclassical features of quantum states, such as squeezing or oscillations in phase space, will be gradually washed out, and the signal to noise ratio of an information carrying quantum state will be reduced during the course of amplification. Despite these limitations, the universal phase insensitive amplifier is however rich of applications, in particular in optical communication. Amplifiers operating at the quantum noise limit are of particular importance for quantum communication where information is encoded in fragile quantum states, thus extremely vulnerable to noise.Numerous apparatuses accomplish, in principle, ideal phase insensitive amplification as, for instance, solid state laser amplifiers [5], parametric downconverters [6] and schemes based on four wave mixing processes [7]. However, to date phase-insensitive amplification at the quantum limit has been only partially demonstrated [8,9]: a number of difficulties are indeed involved in practice, especially for low gain applications. These difficulties mainly lie in the fact that the amplified field has to be efficiently coupled, mediated by a non linearity, to a pump field.Following a recent trend in quantum information science, where non linear media are efficiently replaced by linear optics [10], we show in this Letter that universal phase insensitive amplification can also be achieved using only linear optics and homodyne detection. The simplicity and the robustness of this original scheme enable us to achieve near quantum noise limited amplification of coherent states, even in the low gain regime.Let us first briefly summarize the basic formalism describing a phase-insensitive amplifier [3]. Because of the symmetry of such an amplifier, it can be described by the following input-output transformation:â out = √ Gâ in +N whereâ in(out) represent the input (output) annihilation bosonic operators, G is the power gain and N the operator associated wi...

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Reduction of quantum noise in optical parametric amplification

Cited by 161 publications

References 13 publications

Improving the maximum transmission distance of continuous-variable quantum key distribution using a noiseless amplifier

Improving the maximum transmission distance of continuous-variable quantum key distribution using a noiseless amplifier

Fiber Optic Parametric Amplifiers for Lightwave Systems

Universal Optical Amplification without Nonlinearity

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