Reduction of Norovirus Surrogates Alone and in Association with Bacteria on Leaf Lettuce and Tomatoes During Application of Aqueous Ozone

Dawley, Cailin; Lee, Jung Ae; Gibson, Kristen E.

doi:10.1007/s12560-021-09476-y

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…This study aimed to address the effectiveness of at‐home, consumer‐friendly washing with tap water in the removal of HCoV‐OC43 and MNV‐1 from produce surfaces. Many studies investigating the effectiveness of sanitizing agents and washing procedures do not consider the effect of organic matter on disinfection efficacy (Dawley, et al 2021). Herein, the surfaces were artificially contaminated with the virus in the presence of faecal material to mimic contamination of produce by faecal material containing the virus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of washing produce in removing human coronavirus OC43 and murine norovirus

Dallner

Harlow

Nasheri

2022

Journal of Applied Microbiology

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Aims: Fresh produce is often a vehicle for the transmission of foodborne pathogens such as human norovirus. Thus, it is recommended to wash the surface of produce before consumption, and one of the most common ways to wash produce is by rinsing under running tap water. This study determined the effectiveness of removal of human coronavirus-OC43 (HCoV-OC43), as a surrogate for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and murine norovirus-1 (MNV-1), as a surrogate for human norovirus, from contaminated lettuce, apples and cucumbers. Methods and Results:The produce surfaces were artificially inoculated in conjunction with faecal material to represent natural contamination. Rinsing under tap water for 10 s at 40 ml/s removed 1.94 ± 0.44, 1.42 ± 0.00 and 1.42 ± 0.42 log of HCoV-OC43 from apple, cucumber and lettuce respectively. The same washing technique removed 1.77 ± 0.17, 1.42 ± 0.07 and 1.79 ± 0.14 log of MNV-1 from apple, cucumber and lettuce respectively. This washing technique was effective at reducing a significant amount of viral contamination, however, it was not enough to eliminate the entire contamination. There was no significant difference in the reduction of viral load between the two viruses, nor between the three surfaces tested in this study. Conclusions:Our data suggest that washing under tap water would be an efficient way of reducing the risk of foodborne viral transmission only if the level of contamination is less than 2 log PFU. Significance and Impact of Study:This study demonstrates that running tap water was effective at reducing the amount of infectious HCoV-OC43 and MNV on produce surfaces, and washing produce continues to be an important task to perform prior to consumption to avoid infection by foodborne viruses, particularly for foods which are eaten raw.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of washing produce in removing human coronavirus OC43 and murine norovirus

Dallner

Harlow

Nasheri

2022

Journal of Applied Microbiology

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“…O 3 has been successfully used in water treatment plants to disinfect wastewater, causing a reduction in viral loads [ 12 ]. The treatment of water with O 3 effectively inactivates picornavirus and norovirus (NoV), making the treated water suitable for the disinfection of healthcare settings and food preparation areas [ 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Antiviral and Virucidal Activity of Ozone against Feline Calicivirus

Catella,

Pellegrini,

Carbonari

et al. 2024

Animals

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The Caliciviridae family includes several viral pathogens of humans and animals, including norovirus (NoV), genus Norovirus, and feline calicivirus (FCV), genus Vesivirus. Due to their resistance in the environment, NoV and FCV may give rise to nosocomial infections, and indirect transmission plays a major role in their diffusion in susceptible populations. A pillar of the control of viruses resistant to an environment is the adoption of prophylaR1.6ctic measures, including disinfection. Since NoVs are not cultivatable in common cell cultures, FCV has been largely used as a surrogate of NoV for the assessment of effective disinfectants. Ozone (O3), a molecule with strong oxidizing properties, has shown strong microbicidal activity on bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses. In this study, the virucidal and antiviral activities of an O3/O2 gas mixture containing O3 were tested at different concentrations (20, 35, and 50 μg/mL) for distinct contact times against FCV. The O3/O2 gas mixture showed virucidal and antiviral activities against FCV in a dose- and contact time-dependent fashion. Ozonation could be considered as a valid strategy for the disinfection of environments at risk of contamination by FCV and NoV.

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Efficacy of Washing Produce in Removing Human Coronavirus Oc43 and Murine Norovirus

2021

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Reduction of Norovirus Surrogates Alone and in Association with Bacteria on Leaf Lettuce and Tomatoes During Application of Aqueous Ozone

Cited by 3 publications

References 41 publications

Efficacy of washing produce in removing human coronavirus OC43 and murine norovirus

Efficacy of washing produce in removing human coronavirus OC43 and murine norovirus

In Vitro Antiviral and Virucidal Activity of Ozone against Feline Calicivirus

Efficacy of Washing Produce in Removing Human Coronavirus Oc43 and Murine Norovirus

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