Reduction of Maleic Acid to Succinic Acid on Titanium Cathode

Abstract

Electrochemical reduction of maleic acid to succinic acid has been studied. The effect of (i) temperature, (ii) current density, (iii) concentration of H 2 SO 4 , and (iv) hydrodynamic conditions on conversion of maleic acid and current efficiency has been studied. The reaction was best carried out electrochemically at 40 °C at a current density of 625 A m -2 . The effect of recycling the electrolyte, on conversion and current efficiency, has been reported. Conversion of maleic acid and current efficiency are affected marginally up to the fifth reuse. A material balance has been presented for these recycle studies.

Electrochemical performance and electroreduction of maleic acid on Ce-doped nano-TiO2 film electrode

“…As shown in Table 1, the SA yield and the current efficiency using the Ti/Ce nano-TiO 2 electrode (Ce/Ti molar ratio = 0.003), 98% and 91% respectively, were higher than those obtained with the Ti/nano-TiO 2 electrode, 81% and 80%. The isolated and purified SA had the same melting point, 185-187 • C, as that reported in the literature [38,39]. Fig.…”

Recent Advances in the Catalytic Production of Platform Chemicals from Holocellulosic Biomass

“…SA can also be synthesized via chemical routes including paraffin oxidation, catalytic hydrogenation or electroreduction of maleic acid or anhydride ,. However, current research has focused especially on the fermentative process of SA synthesis.…”

Catalytic Transformations of Biomass-Derived Materials into Value-Added Chemicals

“…Traditionally, SA can be produced by hydration and/or hydrogenation of fossilderived maleic anhydrate or maleic acid (MA, cis-butenedioic acid) which was manufactured by oxidation of n-butene or butadiene [161,162]. Reduction of MA to SA with electronic reaction over Ti/ceramic TiO 2 [163], Ti cathode [164] and a lead cathodes [165] were investigated in mild reaction temperature (below 373 K). Galvanostatic electrolysis for SA synthesis from MA using stainless steel, Cu or Pd cathodes in an ion conducting polymer electrolyte flow cell obtained [95 % yield of SA with a coulombic efficiency of 80-90 % [166].…”