Reduction of Low Grade Egyptian Manganese Ore via Hydrogen at 800℃ - 950℃

El‐Gawad, Hala H. Abd; Ahmed, M. M.; El-Hussiny, N.A.; Shalabí, M. E. H.

doi:10.4236/oalib.1100427

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Manganese is an important raw material for the cells production, preparation of the steel, dietary additives and fine chemicals [1,2]. With the ever increasing demand for manganese resources and the depletion of high grade ores, exploitation and utilization of low-grade manganese ores becomes increasingly important [3,4].…”

Section: Instructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The increase of reduction percentage with rise of temperature may be due to the increase of number of reacting moles having excess of energy which leads to the increase of reduction rate. Also the raise of temperature leads to an increase of the rate of mass transfer of the diffusion and rat of desorption [2,15]…”

Section: Effect Of the Roasting Temperature Of Manganese Dioxide Ore On The Manganese Reduction Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Kinetics of Reduction Roasting of Low-grade Manganese Dioxide Ore in the Novel Four-tube Reduction Finance

Li¹,

Liu²,

Zong-ping³

et al. 2018

dtetr

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The kinetics of reduction roasting of low-grade manganese dioxide ore used in this work has been established with four-tube reduction finance. XRD analysis of the as-mined ore samples affirmed the presence of manganese dioxide as the major manganese mineral in the ore. Samples with particles size ranges -5mm were treated using coal as the reductant. The effects of reduction temperature, time and mass ratio of coal to low-grade manganese dioxide ore on the rate of reduction were investigated. It was found that the optimum manganese reduction rate could be up to 93.05% under the conditions that the mass ratio of coal to manganese dioxide ore was 0.12:1, the roasting temperature was 850ºC, and the roasting time was 20min. An unreacted shrinking-core model was proposed to describe the kinetics of reduction. Based on experimental results, It was confirmed that the reduction process was controlled by diffusion through the ash/inert solid layer. The apparent activation energy was determined to be 106.65 kJ /mol. 1 KEYWORD low-grade manganese dioxide ore; reduction roasting; unreacted shrinking core model; Kinetics

show abstract

Section: Instructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effect Of the Roasting Temperature Of Manganese Dioxide Ore On The Manganese Reduction Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of Reduction Roasting of Low-grade Manganese Dioxide Ore in the Novel Four-tube Reduction Finance

Li¹,

Liu²,

Zong-ping³

et al. 2018

dtetr

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Metallurgical coke is the main solid carbon reductant that is used in SAF. The dependence of the process on the solid carbon use is in principle related to the thermochemistry of manganese monoxide (MnO) reduction, which is viable by carbon and not by H 2 and CO gases, as previously described. , In principle, the reduction of higher manganese oxides (MnO 2 , Mn 2 O 3 , and Mn 3 O 4 ) to MnO is possible by H 2 and CO gases . Natural gas, which is rich in methane (CH 4 ), is a more sustainable alternative reductant for metal and ferromanganese production in comparison with metallurgical coke and, therefore, there has been a significant research interest in using this reductant. ,,, However, the application of natural gas at elevated temperatures yields CO and H 2 gas mixtures and the reduction by these gases cannot proceed beyond MnO, and this has been the basis for many researchers to use natural gas for the prereduction of the ore as reviewed previously .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Duplex Process to Produce Ferromanganese and Direct Reduced Iron by Natural Gas

Safarian

2021

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The application of natural gas instead of solid carbon to produce ferromanganese is a way forward in sustainable development. Mass and energy balances for an integrated duplex process to produce ferromanganese and direct reduced iron (DRI) by natural gas were studied. The process consists of natural gas injection into molten ferromanganese yielding carbon and hydrogen in which the dissolved carbon into the molten metal bath reduces MnO from a coexisting molten slag that is produced from the smelting of manganese ore. Hydrogen and CO gases reduce solid manganese oxides and iron oxides in the Mn ore to MnO and Fe in the ferromanganese reactor burden. A hot gas with a significant amount of CO and H 2 leaves the reactor and is upgraded to a rich CO−H 2 gas mixture via methane use in a gas reformer. The obtained highly reducing gas is then used to reduce iron ore in a direct reduction reactor for DRI production, while the DRI reactor process gas is partly looped into the gas reformer and the rest is used in an energy recovery unit for electric power generation for the ferromanganese reactor. It is shown that the presented duplex process is more sustainable than the current commercial ferromanganese production process and its application is accompanied by about 50% less electric energy consumption and about 40% less CO 2 emission, excluding the source of electricity.

show abstract

“…The reduction of MnFe 2 O 4 by hydrogen at 257-767 • C has shown that the product is a mixture of MnO and metallic Fe. Hydrogen reduction of low-grade Mn briquets by H 2 at 750 to 950 • C indicated the production to MnO phases [10,11]. Hence, reactions (1) to (3) proceed in a wide temperature range and complete reduction to MnO is possible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Sustainable Process to Produce Manganese and Its Alloys through Hydrogen and Aluminothermic Reduction

Safarian

2021

Processes

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hydrogen and aluminum were used to produce manganese, aluminum–manganese (AlMn) and ferromanganese (FeMn) alloys through experimental work, and mass and energy balances. Oxide pellets were made from Mn oxide and CaO powder, followed by pre-reduction by hydrogen. The reduced MnO pellets were then smelted and reduced at elevated temperatures through CaO flux and Al reductant addition, yielding metallic Mn. Changing the amount of the added Al for the aluminothermic reduction, with or without iron addition led to the production of Mn metal, AlMn alloy and FeMn alloy. Mass and energy balances were carried out for three scenarios to produce these metal products with feasible material flows. An integrated process with three main steps is introduced; a pre-reduction unit to pre-reduce Mn ore, a smelting-aluminothermic reduction unit to produce metals from the pre-reduced ore, and a gas treatment unit to do heat recovery and hydrogen looping from the pre-reduction process gas. It is shown that the process is sustainable regarding the valorization of industrial waste and the energy consumptions for Mn and its alloys production via this process are lower than current commercial processes. Ferromanganese production by this process will prevent the emission of about 1.5 t CO2/t metal.

show abstract

Reduction of Low Grade Egyptian Manganese Ore via Hydrogen at 800℃ - 950℃

Cited by 8 publications

References 14 publications

Kinetics of Reduction Roasting of Low-grade Manganese Dioxide Ore in the Novel Four-tube Reduction Finance

Kinetics of Reduction Roasting of Low-grade Manganese Dioxide Ore in the Novel Four-tube Reduction Finance

Duplex Process to Produce Ferromanganese and Direct Reduced Iron by Natural Gas

A Sustainable Process to Produce Manganese and Its Alloys through Hydrogen and Aluminothermic Reduction

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About