Reduction of Iron Ore Pellets: A Microstructural Perspective?

Sarkar, A.; Chavan, V.; Pai, N. N.; Prakash, A.; Hazra, B.; Raut, P.; Sunilkumar, D.; Sivananda, C.; Kundu, S.; Nag, S.; Basu, S.; Samajdar, I.

doi:10.1007/s11661-023-07265-9

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…As a result, the yield of reduction will be reduced. Similar phenomena are also highlighted in studies by Bhaskar et al [1,43,60].…”

Section: Experiments With Reducing Iron Ore At Different Temperatures...supporting

confidence: 86%

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Comparative Technical and Economic Analyses of Hydrogen-Based Steel and Power Sectors

Alikulov,

Aminov,

Anh

et al. 2024

Energies

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Decarbonizing the current steel and power sectors through the development of the hydrogen direct-reduction iron ore–electric arc furnace route and the 100% hydrogen-fired gas turbine cycle is crucial. The current study focuses on three clusters of research works. The first cluster covers the investigation of the mass and energy balance of the route and the subsequent application of these values in experiments to optimize the reduction yield of iron ore. In the second cluster, the existing gas turbine unit was selected for the complete replacement of natural gas with hydrogen and for finding the most optimal mass and energy balance in the cycle through an Aspen HYSYS model. In addition, the chemical kinetics in the hydrogen combustion process were simulated using Ansys Chemkin Pro to research the emissions. In the last cluster, a comparative economic analysis was conducted to identify the levelized cost of production of the route and the levelized cost of electricity of the cycle. The findings in the economic analysis provided good insight into the details of the capital and operational expenditures of each industrial sector in understanding the impact of each kg of hydrogen consumed in the plants. These findings provide a good basis for future research on reducing the cost of hydrogen-based steel and power sectors. Moreover, the outcomes of this study can also assist ongoing, large-scale hydrogen and ammonia projects in Uzbekistan in terms of designing novel hydrogen-based industries with cost-effective solutions.

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“…As a result, the yield of reduction will be reduced. Similar phenomena are also highlighted in studies by Bhaskar et al [1,43,60].…”

Section: Experiments With Reducing Iron Ore At Different Temperatures...supporting

confidence: 86%

“…As a result, the yield of reduction will be reduced. Similar phenomena are also highlighted in studies by Bhaskar et al [1,43,60]. The next batch of experiments was conducted with a residence time of 10 min in each temperature profile.…”

Section: Experiments With Reducing Iron Ore At Different Temperatures...supporting

confidence: 76%

Comparative Technical and Economic Analyses of Hydrogen-Based Steel and Power Sectors

Alikulov,

Aminov,

Anh

et al. 2024

Energies

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“…The porosity and density of the iron ore materials are key parameters controlling the reduction kinetics of the iron ore materials [100]. An analysis of the cross sections of large and hard particles after partial reduction reveals that reduction follows a topochemical pattern and concentric layers of different oxides are established, composed of Fe 2 O 3 , Fe 3 O 4 , Fe (1−y) O and Fe, respectively.…”

Section: Porosity Changes In Reduction Of Iron Oresmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pellet porosity effect on the rate of reduction for different iron ore samples. Reprinted from [104].Sarkar et al[100] reported, instead, for twenty different samples of Fe 2 O 3 pellets (diameter 12 mm), a progressive decrease in porosity and increase in density upon reduction at 900 • C with CO and H 2 .El-Geassy et al studied the effects of temperature on the structure of Fe 2 O 3 pellets upon reduction with H 2 and reported different trends in the evolution of porosity, according to the compaction degree and grains particles size. Indeed, for the less porous/more compact pellets and larger grains size, high temperature and prolonged reduction treatments induce sintering, which reduces the reactivity of the samples[101].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Reduction of Iron Oxides for CO2 Capture Materials

Fabozzi,

Cerciello,

Senneca

2024

Energies

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The iron industry is the largest energy-consuming manufacturing sector in the world, emitting 4–5% of the total carbon dioxide (CO2). The development of iron-based systems for CO2 capture and storage could effectively contribute to reducing CO2 emissions. A wide set of different iron oxides, such as hematite (Fe2O3), magnetite (Fe3O4), and wüstite (Fe(1−y)O) could in fact be employed for CO2 capture at room temperature and pressure upon an investigation of their capturing properties. In order to achieve the most functional iron oxide form for CO2 capture, starting from Fe2O3, a reducing agent such as hydrogen (H2) or carbon monoxide (CO) can be employed. In this review, we present the state-of-the-art and recent advances on the different iron oxide materials employed, as well as on their reduction reactions with H2 and CO.

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Review and Evaluation of Ceramic‐Stabilized Iron Oxides for Use as Energy Storage Based on Iron‐Steam Process

Göthel,

Burkmann,

Volkova

2024

steel research int.

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Several studies have reported about different hydrogen production and storage materials. The use of metal oxides, particularly iron oxides, as hydrogen storage materials offers a promising solution to bridge hydrogen production and utilization. The iron‐steam process, dating back to the 18th century, leverages iron's ability to bind oxygen from steam, producing hydrogen and iron oxides. This study revisits the iron/iron oxide system for its dual application as a hydrogen storage medium and as an energy carrier in systems like fuel cells. When integrated with high‐temperature electrolysis and fuel cells, this system can efficiently operate between 600 and 1000 °C. The key to long‐term performance lies in understanding the formation and stability of oxygen‐binding structures. Stabilizing the iron oxides for cycling procedures with other metal oxides like Al2O3, SiO2, and CaO is inevitable. Ceramic‐stabilized iron oxide pellets offer advantages including high cycling capability, efficient charge/discharge operations, and potential syngas production. They are particularly suitable for heavy goods vehicles, short‐term storage, and large‐scale industrial applications. Critical process parameters for the iron oxide material and process design must be investigated if an accurate assessment of the performance of this hydrogen storage concept is to be transferred into efficient practice.

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Reduction of Iron Ore Pellets: A Microstructural Perspective?

Cited by 4 publications

References 72 publications

Comparative Technical and Economic Analyses of Hydrogen-Based Steel and Power Sectors

Comparative Technical and Economic Analyses of Hydrogen-Based Steel and Power Sectors

Reduction of Iron Oxides for CO2 Capture Materials

Review and Evaluation of Ceramic‐Stabilized Iron Oxides for Use as Energy Storage Based on Iron‐Steam Process

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