Reduction of intrachannel four-wave mixing using the alternate-phase RZ modulation format

Forzati, Marco; Mårtensson, Jonas; Berntson, A.; Djupsjöbacka, A.; Johannisson, Pontus

doi:10.1109/lpt.2002.801592

Cited by 62 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Simulation results presented here show a significant performance improvement ranging from 4.5 dB to 14 dB depending on modulation code, modulation format, extinction ratio and number of spans. (Notice that infinite extinction ratio was assumed in [2][3][4] thus over-estimating the performance improvement. )…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Suppression of intrachannel nonlinear effects using pseudoternary constrained codes

Djordjević

Chilappagari

Vasić

2006

J. Lightwave Technol.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Common approaches to reduce ghost pulse creation are to remove phase coherence between neighboring pulses [2][3], or to implement alternate-polarization formats [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suppression of intrachannel nonlinear effects using pseudoternary constrained codes

Djordjević

Chilappagari

Vasić

2006

J. Lightwave Technol.

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“…On the other hand, iFWM can be suppressed by alternating the phases of adjacent bits. CSRZ 67% provides some suppression of iFWM penalty [24], but the maximum performance can be obtained through the intelligent phase control of modified duobinary [25][26][27].…”

Section: Fiber Nonlinearitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced modulation formats for fiber optic communication systems

Mauro

Raghavan

2008

Sci Model Simul

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Choice of modulation format plays a critical role in the design and performance of fiber optic communication systems. We discuss the basic physics of electro-optic phase and amplitude modulation and derive model transfer functions for ideal and non-ideal Mach-Zehnder modulators. We describe the generation and characteristics of the standard nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) modulation format, as well as advanced formats such as returnto-zero (RZ), carrier-suppressed RZ (CSRZ), duobinary, modified duobinary, differential phase-shift keyed (DPSK), and return-to-zero DPSK (RZ-DPSK). Finally, we discuss the relative merits of these formats with respect to a variety of system impairments.

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“…With increased interest for higher data rate systems, we believe the application of equalization at 40 Gb/s will soon become commercially important. In high-speed transmission (at 40 Gb/s and above) the major nonlinear penalties come from intra-channel interactions [4,5], such as intra-channel four-wave-mixing (IFWM) and intra-channel crossphase modulation (IXPM), which cause different ISI pattern with dispersion. The IXPM causes the timing jitter and the IFWM causes ghost pulses in the empty bit slot.…”

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confidence: 99%

Electronic Equalization of Intrachannel Nonlinearities

Zhang

Chen

2007

2007 International Nano-Optoelectronics Workshop

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Intra-channel nonlinearities are the major nonlinear penalties in 40 Gb/s and above high-speed transmission. In this paper electronic equalization of intra-channel nonlinearities is studied. IntroductionElectronic equalization has been an effective technique to overcome the distortion caused by inter-symbol interference (ISI). Recently it has been applied in high bit-rate (10 Gb/s) optical transmission systems and most of the studies have concentrated on compensation of chromatic dispersion (CD), polarization mode dispersion (PMD) and multi-mode dispersion (MMD) [1][2][3]. Various implementations of equalization technique have been investigated include both Viterbi equalizers based on maximum likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE) and analog equalizers such as the feed-forward equalizer (FFE) and the decision-feedback equalizer (DFE). With increased interest for higher data rate systems, we believe the application of equalization at 40 Gb/s will soon become commercially important. In high-speed transmission (at 40 Gb/s and above) the major nonlinear penalties come from intra-channel interactions [4,5], such as intra-channel four-wave-mixing (IFWM) and intra-channel crossphase modulation (IXPM), which cause different ISI pattern with dispersion. The IXPM causes the timing jitter and the IFWM causes ghost pulses in the empty bit slot. Because of shorter pulse width, it's not suitable to compensate chromatic dispersion with electronic equalizer in such systems, especially in long-haul ones. In this paper, unlike current focus on dispersion compensation, we will investigate the capability of electronic equalization for intra-channel nonlinearity.

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Reduction of intrachannel four-wave mixing using the alternate-phase RZ modulation format

Cited by 62 publications

References 10 publications

Suppression of intrachannel nonlinear effects using pseudoternary constrained codes

Suppression of intrachannel nonlinear effects using pseudoternary constrained codes

Advanced modulation formats for fiber optic communication systems

Electronic Equalization of Intrachannel Nonlinearities

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