Reduction of Intergranular Cracking Susceptibility by Precipitation Control in 2.25Cr Heat-Resistant Steels

Improvement of Hot Ductility in a Low‐Carbon Steel by the Application of the Precooling

“…Therefore, the segregation at the grain boundary facilitates brittle fracture in steels. [19][20][21][22][23] The hot ductility behavior in this study can be explained schematically (Figure 11). During the general thermal condition, (Ti, Nb)(C, N) forms as the main precipitates, which have a size of %300 nm, so sulfur in the matrix diffuses easily to grain boundaries, where its concentration increases (Figure 11a).…”

Remarkable Improvement of Creep Strength by Vanadium Addition in 2.25Cr Heat-Resistant Steel

“…The Gibbs free energy difference for M 23 C 6 carbide formation becomes positive when [V] > 0.4 wt.% at the temperatures of tempering (750°C) 7) and of the creep test (600°C) (Fig. 1); this change would discourage the formation of M 23 C 6 carbide in V620 and V798.…”

“…In the former case, bulk V content ([V]) > 0.4 wt.% inhibits the precipitation of M 23 C 6 carbide in T/P23 heat-resistant steel at 750°C. 7) In the latter case, fine V-rich MX precipitation can be controlled by austenitization and tempering; it is much easier than precipitation of Ti-rich MX which is extremely stable up to melting temperature of steel.…”

Synthesis of stimuli-responsive nanosized ring-like colloids and cyclic polymers via a dual-template approach

“…However, most of the synthesized ring-like structures showed a cavity of 100-1000 nm and a ring thickness in the range of nano to micro-scales. [14][15][16] There are only a few reports, to the best of our knowledge, describing the synthesis of nanosized rings with internal size smaller than 100 nm. 17,18 A recently notable example is Anderson's nanorings composed of monodispersed cyclic porphyrin polymers with diameters of up to 21 nm.…”