Reduction of<i>Coxiella burnetii</i>Prevalence by Vaccination of Goats and Sheep, the Netherlands

Hogerwerf, Lenny; Brom, René van den; Roest, H.I.J.; Bouma, A.; Vellema, P.; Pieterse, Maarten; Dercksen, D.; Nielen, M.

doi:10.3201/eid1703.101157

Cited by 126 publications

(133 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…There is evidence that vaccine for goat and sheep can reduce the number of infections and abortions, as well as decrease the environmental transmission of the pathogen [30,31]. A vaccine against C. burnetii has been developed for use in humans and it is available in Italy and throughout the whole of the European Union.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence and occupational risk survey for Coxiella burnetii among exposed workers in Sicily, Southern Italy

Fenga¹,

Gangemi²,

Luca³

et al. 2015

Int J Occup Med Environ Health

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International Journal of Occupational Medicine and EnvironmentalThe aim of this survey was to assess the seroprevalence of antibodies against Coxiella burnetii (C. burnetii) in subjects at risk of exposure in Sicily, Southern Italy. Material and Methods: Prevalence of IgG antibodies to C. burnetii phase II antigens was evaluated by ELISA in a group of 140 workers at risk of exposure (38 veterinarians, 38 slaughterhouse workers, 44 livestock handlers, 20 laboratory and technical personnel) included in a medical surveillance program and in 42 control subjects. Positive samples were classified as suggestive of prior exposure to C. burnetii. Results: Antibodies against C. burnetii were detected in 88 out of 140 (62.9%) exposed workers and in 6 out of 42 (14.3%) subjects of the control group. The variables evaluated did not seem to have a significant effect on seropositivity to Coxiella with the exception of symptoms in the last 6 months preceding the survey. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated a high seroprevalence of C. burnetii in the group of exposed workers in comparison to non-exposed subjects of the control group. Clinical illness appears to be rare; nevertheless, physicians should consider Q fever in patients with compatible symptoms and occupational exposure to animals and their products. As aerosols represent the main route of infection in animals and humans, these workers are strongly advised to wear respiratory masks. In addition, occupational physicians should consider routine serologic evaluation and vaccination of occupationally exposed workers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence and occupational risk survey for Coxiella burnetii among exposed workers in Sicily, Southern Italy

Fenga¹,

Gangemi²,

Luca³

et al. 2015

Int J Occup Med Environ Health

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“…Animal vaccination against C burnetii has been proven successful as a primary means of Q fever outbreak control in The Netherlands. 30,32 A resolution approved at the 2011 US Animal Health Association meeting recommended that USDA facilitate the importation of animal vaccines against C burnetii for investigation and research purposes. 33 Veterinarians need to include coxiellosis in their differential diagnoses if appropriate when investigating neonatal mortality and abortions, particularly in small ruminants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epizootiological investigation of a Q fever outbreak and implications for future control strategies

Anderson¹,

Szymanski²,

Emery³

et al. 2015

javma

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Objective-To describe the epizootiological investigation of an outbreak of Q fever (Coxiella burnetii infection). Design-Epidemiological study. Animals-17 goat herds in Washington, Montana, and Oregon. Procedures-In April 2011, an abortion storm at a commercial goat farm in Washington was determined to be caused by C burnetii. A joint epidemiological investigation by public health and veterinary professionals was subsequently performed to assess the extent of the outbreak by performing a trace-forward of goats sold from the index farm, to determine risk factors associated with infection, and to implement control measures. A herd management plan was developed to control the outbreak and reduce risk of human exposure. Quarantine and temporary holds preventing the sale or movement of goats allowed time for trace-forward investigation, education of farmers regarding disease risk, and testing to determine the scope of the outbreak. Results-17 farms were affected; 21 human Q fever cases were identified. Bacterial shedding in feces, vaginal fluid, or milk was confirmed in 156 of 629 (25%) goats tested by PCR assay. Seroprevalence of antibodies against C burnetii in goats, determined by ELISA, was 12%. The risk for C burnetii infection in goats was highest among females, those on farms associated with human Q fever, and those on Washington farms. A protective effect was observed for goats at farms where the primary form of goat carcass disposal was burial. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-This outbreak illustrated the importance of a joint investigation for zoonotic pathogens and the need to expand and strengthen relationships between medical, public health, and veterinary partners. Heightened awareness and enhanced veterinary diagnostic capabilities for C burnetii are needed to identify and control outbreaks expediently. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2015;247:1379-1386

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“…Le symptôme clinique le plus commun était la pneumonie. Seulement, 3,2 % des patients travaillaient dans le secteur agricole et 0,5 % dans l'industrie de la viande incluant les abattoirs (Hogerwerf et al 2011). Par contre, l'effet de la vaccination n'a pas pu être analysé à cause de cet abattage massif.…”

Section: L'épidémie Aux Pays-basunclassified

“…Deux vaccins contre C. burnetii sont actuellement commercialisés en Europe : Le vaccin Coxevac ® a démontré son efficacité dans la prévention des avortements aussi bien que la réduction de l'excrétion du germe chez les chèvres et les bovins Hogerwerf et al 2011;Guatteo et al 2012). La vaccination des chèvres et des bovins est plus efficace chez les animaux primipares, elle réduit la préva-lence des animaux excréteurs ainsi que la charge bacté-rienne.…”

Section: Chez L'animalunclassified

“…La vaccination des chèvres et des bovins est plus efficace chez les animaux primipares, elle réduit la préva-lence des animaux excréteurs ainsi que la charge bacté-rienne. Cependant, la vaccination ne semble pas être efficace chez les chèvres et les bovins préalablement infectés, ni chez les vaches gestantes (Guatteo et al 2008;Rousset et al 2009;Hogerwerf et al 2011). D'autres inconvénients du vaccin sont son processus de production compliqué, le besoin de travailler en laboratoire de biosécurité de niveau 3 pour sa production et l'impossibilité de pouvoir différencier les animaux vaccinés des animaux infectés.…”

Section: Chez L'animalunclassified

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Coxiella burnetii, agent de la fièvre Q

Boarbi¹,

Frétin²,

Mori³

2016

Can. J. Microbiol.

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Résumé : La fièvre Q est une zoonose de répartition mondiale excepté la Nouvelle-Zélande. Elle est due à une bactérie intracellulaire : Coxiella burnetii. Cette infection passe souvent inaperçue car la manifestation principale de la forme aiguë de la maladie est un syndrome pseudogrippal spontanément résolutif. C'est l'épidémie qui a eu lieu aux Pays-Bas qui a attiré l'attention sur cette maladie qui était moins étudiée auparavant. Cette synthèse résume la description de la bactérie (taxonomie, cycle intracellulaire et génomique) mais également la maladie (description, diagnostic, pathogénie et épidémiologie). Enfin, la vaccination de l'humain et des animaux est également analysée. Mots-clés : Coxiella burnetii, fièvre Q, épidémiologie, description, génomique.Abstract: Q fever is a zoonosis of worldwide distribution with the exception of New Zealand. It is caused by an intracellular bacterium, Coxiella burnetii. The disease often goes underdiagnosed because the main manifestation of its acute form is a general self-limiting flu-like syndrome. The Dutch epidemics renewed attention to this disease, which was less considered before. This review summarizes the description of C. burnetii (taxonomy, intracellular cycle, and genome) and Q fever disease (description, diagnosis, epidemiology, and pathogenesis). Finally, vaccination in humans and animals is also considered.

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Reduction ofCoxiella burnetiiPrevalence by Vaccination of Goats and Sheep, the Netherlands

Cited by 126 publications

References 22 publications

Seroprevalence and occupational risk survey for Coxiella burnetii among exposed workers in Sicily, Southern Italy

Seroprevalence and occupational risk survey for Coxiella burnetii among exposed workers in Sicily, Southern Italy

Epizootiological investigation of a Q fever outbreak and implications for future control strategies

Coxiella burnetii, agent de la fièvre Q

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