Reduction of FeO in EAF steelmaking slag by blends of metallurgical coke and end-of-life polyethylene terephthalate

Dankwah, James Ransford; Koshy, Pramod; Sahajwalla, Veena

doi:10.1179/1743281213y.0000000125

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Also, the carburization of the reduced metal was significantly increased up to 4.95 wt.% in comparison to a reduction by coke alone (0.65 wt.%). Subsequently, Dankwah et al [65] tested also the reduction of EAF slag by PET/coke blends. Again, they could demonstrate in laboratory that the presence of polymers in the blends increases the extent of reduction and also increases the carburization of the reduced metal up to 5.29 wt.%.…”

Section: Rubber and Plastics Based Alternativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on the Use of Alternative Carbon Sources in EAF Steelmaking

Echterhof

2021

Metals

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Steelmaking in the electric arc furnace (EAF), either scrap-based or based on hydrogen direct reduced iron, will in future contribute substantially to the reduction of CO2 emissions in the iron and steel industry. However, there still will be the need to introduce carbon into the EAF process either to carburize the steel or to create foaming slag to improve the energy efficiency of the melting process. So, to reach the emission reduction goals set around the world, it will be necessary to substitute fossil charge and injection carbon used in EAF steelmaking with alternative carbon sources. This review presents the recent research on carbon-neutral biomass-based and circular rubber or plastics-based carbon sources and their potential to substitute fossil charge or injection carbon in the EAF process. It also discusses the current state-of-the art and suggests further opportunities and needs for research and development to use alternative carbon sources to produce a really green and carbon neutral and/or fully circular steel.

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Section: Rubber and Plastics Based Alternativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on the Use of Alternative Carbon Sources in EAF Steelmaking

Echterhof

2021

Metals

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“…Several researchers have studied the heating of composites containing FeO and polymeric blends in a laboratory-scale horizontal tube furnace equipped with a camera to monitor physical changes in the composite, similar to an optical dilatometer. [33][34][35] López and López-Delgado [21] determined the softening, start of melting, and complete melting temperature of briquettes using a Leitz Wetzlar heating microscope with temperature up to 1500 C. According to Babanin et al, [36] briquettes should possess adequate thermal strength up to 500 C to be suitable for ferrous metal production. Low-temperature disintegration is obtained by measuring the pellet-size distribution after static reduction at 500 C, followed by tumbling.…”

Section: Heating In the Scrap Chargementioning

confidence: 99%

Suitability of Self‐Reducing and Slag‐Forming Briquettes for Electric Arc Furnace Use Based on Laboratory Tests

Abdelrahim

Aula

Iljana

et al. 2021

steel research int.

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The in‐plant recycling routes of side streams produced in electric arc furnace (EAF) steelmaking remain underexplored. Briquetting is an attractive technique to enable their recycle. Briquettes introduced into EAF must possess certain mechanical and chemical properties. However, no standard is available to determine the suitability of briquettes used in the EAF process. Herein, eight side streams are characterized, and used to produce seven different briquettes to be used in EAF. Briquettes tested consist of four self‐reducing briquettes and three slag‐forming briquettes produced using different recipes. The briquettes are subjected to several mechanical and thermal tests which reflect their intended use in EAF. The mechanical tests include compression and drop tests, and the thermal tests include optical dilatometry, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)–derivative thermogravimetry (DTG)–mass spectrometry (MS), and full‐scale briquette reduction tests. Moreover, melting trials are performed to assess the melting behavior of selected briquettes and their interaction with slag. Suitability of briquettes characteristics is assessed based on values from the literature and against reference ferroalloys and lime stones used in one of the steel plants. Two briquettes are deemed suitable for EAF use, while three briquettes are deemed unsuitable, and two briquettes are considered of limited use.

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“…Work done by Dankwah et al, (2016a) has shown that controlled charring can result in the production of charred carbonaceous matter that can serve as potential reductants for iron oxide reduction. Some research investigations have been conducted on utilisation of postconsumer plastics as reductants or as a source of energy in the metallurgical field (Matsuda et al, 2006;Nishioka et al, 2007;Matsuda et al, 2008;Ueki et al, 2008;Dankwah et al, 2011;Kongkarat et al, 2011;Murakami et al, 2009;Murakami and Kasai, 2011;Dankwah et al, 2012;Dankwah et al, 2013;Dankwah and Koshy, 2014;Dankwah et al, 2015a;Dankwah et al, 2015b). A review of these investigations shows that thermoplastic polymers and or their blends with metallurgical coke, graphite, or biomass are the dominant reductants often used for the production of metallic iron from reagent grade iron oxides or electric arc furnace (EAF) slags containing iron oxide (Dankwah et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of Iron Nuggets from the Akpafu-Todzi Iron Ore and Artisanal Ferrous Slag using Post Consumer Thermosets (Waste Electrical Sockets) as Reductants

Baah¹,

Dankwah²,

Dankwah³

et al. 2019

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Post-consumer thermosets are difficult to recycle because, unlike thermoplastics, they cannot be remoulded to create other items as a result of the extensive cross-linkages in their structure. The increased production of thermoset blends and composites in recent years has greatly increased the amount of waste materials. However, higher levels of carbon and hydrogen present in thermosets make them a potential reductant in the iron extractive industries. In this research work, postconsumer thermoset was transformed into carbon resource through a charring process. The resulting carbonaceous material from the thermoset was used as reductant in the production of metallic iron from the Akpafu-Todzi iron ore and artisanal slag using the microwave technology through the composite pellet approach at varying firing times. Analyses by XRF, XRD and SEM/EDS showed that the Akpafu Todzi iron ore is comprised of the iron oxides hematite (Fe2O3) and wustite (Fe0.942O), while the artisanal slag was predominantly fayalite (Fe2SiO4). Complete reduction of the ore was attained after 120 min reduction but the maximum extent of reduction was 78.84% for the slag, demonstrating the potential of postconsumer thermosets to function effectively as a reductant in the iron extractive industry. Keywords: Reduction; Akpafu-Todzi Iron Ore; Post Consumer Thermosets; Waste Electrical Sockets

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Reduction of FeO in EAF steelmaking slag by blends of metallurgical coke and end-of-life polyethylene terephthalate

Cited by 14 publications

References 10 publications

Review on the Use of Alternative Carbon Sources in EAF Steelmaking

Review on the Use of Alternative Carbon Sources in EAF Steelmaking

Suitability of Self‐Reducing and Slag‐Forming Briquettes for Electric Arc Furnace Use Based on Laboratory Tests

Production of Iron Nuggets from the Akpafu-Todzi Iron Ore and Artisanal Ferrous Slag using Post Consumer Thermosets (Waste Electrical Sockets) as Reductants

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