Reduction of FeO in EAF Steelmaking Slag by Blends of Metallurgical Coke and End‐of‐Life Tyre

Dankwah, James Ransford; Koshy, Pramod; O'Kane, Paul; Sahajwalla, Veena

doi:10.1002/srin.201200019

Cited by 24 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The level of carburisation achieved (including pure HDPE) is sufficiently high to justify the observation of near perfect spherical shape. Dankwah et al (2012) observed that the time taken for complete melting of pellets decreased as the proportion of the polymer in the blend increased. No significant difference in the time for complete melting was observed in this investigation for the different blends used (melting time was 150 -250s).…”

Section: Content Of Carbon In the Re-duced Metalmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Blending resulted in improved carburisation, as all the blends showed higher levels of carburisation than coke or HDPE. Dankwah et al(2012) attributed increased levels of carburisation to the presence of a hydrogen environment along with the fixed carbon content of a carbonaceous reductant. In the absence of hydrogen the metal is carburised mainly by reaction 2.…”

Section: Content Of Carbon In the Re-duced Metalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, most of the research on the reduction of iron oxides has focused on the use of carbon (in the form of graphite or metallurgical coke) as a reducing agent. Polymers like polyethylene contain both carbon and hydrogen and their thermal decomposition at high temperatures generates significant amounts of methane and hydrogen, which are known reductants of metal oxides (Nishioka et al, 2007;Dankwah et al, 2012, Dankwah et al, 2014Dankwa andKoshy, 2013, Dankwa andKoshy, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of waste plastics addition on the reduction of iron oxide by metallurgical coke

Dankwah¹,

Koshy²

2015

Jnl Sci Tech

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This work investigates the effect of waste plastics (high density polyethylene (HDPE)) addition on the production of premium grade iron nuggets from iron oxide using metallurgical coke as reducing agent. Composite pellets were formed from mixtures of iron oxide and carbonaceous materials consisting of coke, HDPE and three blends of coke-HDPE. The iron oxidecarbonaceous material composites were heated very rapidly in a laboratory scale horizontal tube furnace at 1500°C in a continuous stream of argon and the off gas was analysed continuously using an online infrared gas analyser and a gas chromatographic analyser. Elemental analyses of samples of the reduced metal were performed chemically for its carbon content and the extent of reduction was calculated based on a mass balance for removable oxygen. The results indicate that blending of coke with HDPE has the beneficial effect of improving the extent of reduction of iron oxide, with the time for complete reduction improving significantly from 600s (Coke) to 330s for Blends 1 and 2. Blending of coke with HDPE led to over 20% reduction in direct carbon dioxide emissions.

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Section: Content Of Carbon In the Re-duced Metalmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Content Of Carbon In the Re-duced Metalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of waste plastics addition on the reduction of iron oxide by metallurgical coke

Dankwah¹,

Koshy²

2015

Jnl Sci Tech

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“…For countries like Ghana where commercial quantities of iron ores are available, but without the relevant source of carbonaceous materials, waste polymers offer a readily available alternative to high grade metallurgical coke as reductant for iron making. In the metallurgical field, the use of postconsumer plastics as reductants or as a source of energy is currently gaining the attention of various researchers (Matsuda et al, 2006;Nishioka et al, 2007;Matsuda et al, 2008;Ueki et al, 2008;Dankwah et al, 2011;Kongkarat et al, 2011;Murakami et al, 2009;Murakami and Kasai, 2011;Dankwah et al, 2012;Dankwah et al, 2013;Dankwah and Koshy, 2014;Dankwah et al, 2015a;Dankwah et al, 2015b). However, most of the existing research in this area involves the use of thermoplastic polymers and or their blends with metallurgical coke, graphite, or biomass as reductants for the production of metallic iron from reagent grade iron oxides or electric arc furnace (EAF) slags containing iron oxide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, most of the existing research in this area involves the use of thermoplastic polymers and or their blends with metallurgical coke, graphite, or biomass as reductants for the production of metallic iron from reagent grade iron oxides or electric arc furnace (EAF) slags containing iron oxide. For thermosetting plastics, Dankwah et al, 2012, Mansuri et al, 2013, Rajarao et al, 2014a, Rajarao et al, 2014b, Nath et al, 2012and Dankwah and Baawuah, 2015 have used endof-life rubber tyres, waste compact discs, end-oflife melamine and waste bakelite as reductants or for carbon dissolution studies. Rajarao et al, (2014b) for instance studied the structural changes in the chars produced during the rapid pyrolysis of waste compact discs (CDs) in the temperature range 550-1550 °C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recycling Waste Electrical Socket as a Carbon Resource in Ironmaking

Dankwah

Gordon

Koshy

2016

Ghana Mining Journal

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Globally, millions of waste electrical sockets (WES) are generated annually. This category of waste material is difficult to recycle because they are thermosetting polymers which cannot be remoulded after setting. In this work, the reduction of medium grade Agbaja iron ore from Nigeria, by carbonaceous materials generated from WES was investigated through experiments conducted in a domestic microwave oven. Composite pellets of medium grade Agbaja iron ore (assaying ~74 % Fe 2 O 3 ) with WES were irradiated in a domestic microwave oven (Pioneer, Model PM-25 L, 2450 MHz and 1000 W). The reduced mass was characterised by XRD and SEM/EDS analyses and the extent of reduction after 40 min was determined. SEM/EDS analysis revealed a highly reduced mass with distinct peaks of elemental iron and this was corroborated by XRD analyses that confirmed the formation of metallic iron. The extent of reduction obtained after using WES as reductant was over 80%. Accordingly, carbonaceous materials generated from waste electrical sockets are effective reductants for producing metallic iron from the Agbaja iron ore.

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Suitability of Self‐Reducing and Slag‐Forming Briquettes for Electric Arc Furnace Use Based on Laboratory Tests

Abdelrahim

Aula

Iljana

et al. 2021

steel research int.

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The in‐plant recycling routes of side streams produced in electric arc furnace (EAF) steelmaking remain underexplored. Briquetting is an attractive technique to enable their recycle. Briquettes introduced into EAF must possess certain mechanical and chemical properties. However, no standard is available to determine the suitability of briquettes used in the EAF process. Herein, eight side streams are characterized, and used to produce seven different briquettes to be used in EAF. Briquettes tested consist of four self‐reducing briquettes and three slag‐forming briquettes produced using different recipes. The briquettes are subjected to several mechanical and thermal tests which reflect their intended use in EAF. The mechanical tests include compression and drop tests, and the thermal tests include optical dilatometry, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)–derivative thermogravimetry (DTG)–mass spectrometry (MS), and full‐scale briquette reduction tests. Moreover, melting trials are performed to assess the melting behavior of selected briquettes and their interaction with slag. Suitability of briquettes characteristics is assessed based on values from the literature and against reference ferroalloys and lime stones used in one of the steel plants. Two briquettes are deemed suitable for EAF use, while three briquettes are deemed unsuitable, and two briquettes are considered of limited use.

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Reduction of FeO in EAF Steelmaking Slag by Blends of Metallurgical Coke and End‐of‐Life Tyre

Cited by 24 publications

References 8 publications

Effect of waste plastics addition on the reduction of iron oxide by metallurgical coke

Effect of waste plastics addition on the reduction of iron oxide by metallurgical coke

Recycling Waste Electrical Socket as a Carbon Resource in Ironmaking

Suitability of Self‐Reducing and Slag‐Forming Briquettes for Electric Arc Furnace Use Based on Laboratory Tests

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