Reduction of Eu3+ to Eu2+ by an intense femtosecond laser pulse in solution

We synthesized hydrophilic and hydrophobic carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) by femtosecond laser (0.8¯m, 40 fs) irradiation of the water layer of an aerated benzene/water (B/W) bilayer solution. Focusing intense femtosecond laser pulses onto water creates a high density of reactive species such as hydroxyl radicals in a well-confined volume; i.e., plasma filament. The properties of the particle surface were controlled simply by adjusting the laser focusing position, the duration between the preparation of B/W bilayer solution and the laser irradiation. The hydrophobic CNPs appeared to be nearly identical in size and morphology to hydrophilic CNPs. Raman spectroscopy revealed that both particles had a graphitic and disordered structure; however, IR spectroscopy clearly showed that the hydroxy group is the origin of the hydrophilicity. The time evolution of particle formation, products in water, and benzene dissolution behavior in water reveals that the surface properties are determined by the concentration of benzene in water. The diluted aqueous benzene solution gave hydrophilic particles; however, the density of particles was much smaller than that formed in B/W bilayer solution. We concluded that the production of denser hydrophilic CNPs in B/W bilayer was achieved by limiting the concentration of benzene in water layer by B/W interface, and by continuously supplying benzene into water layer through B/W interface. We discuss the subsequent reaction mechanism leading to CNPs of different surface characters.

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“…36,37 The reduction occurred even under aerated conditions when the reduction with solvated electrons preceded the formation of O 2…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Carbon Nanoparticles from Benzene/Water Bilayer Solution with Femtosecond Laser Generated Plasma Filaments in Water

Hamaguchi¹,

Okamoto²,

Mitamura³

et al. 2014

Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan

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“…Nakashima et al. have investigated the mechanism of metal ion reduction and successive NPs productions …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Bare Iron Nanoparticles from Ferrocene Hexane Solution by Femtosecond Laser Pulses

et al. 2018

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Iron-based nanoparticles (FeNPs) have unique and attractive properties such as superparamagnetism, biocompatibility, and catalytic activity. Although the synthesis of precious metal NPs from a metal in liquid and/or metal salt solution by a pulsed laser has been investigated, comparably little effort has been devoted to examine the production of FeNPs. Here we report the synthesis of carbon-shell free spherical NPs of iron oxide (magnetite) from ferrocene hexane solution by femtosecond near infrared laser pulses. Nanosecond UV laser pulses are used to compare the evolution of the particle size distribution as a function of laser irradiation time. The size of NPs remains constant even for extended exposure to femtosecond laser pulses, whereas it grows with exposure to nanosecond laser pulses. The primary particles are generated by photochemical reactions regardless of pulse duration; however, the fragmentation of NPs by successive femtosecond laser pulses regulates the particle size.

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“…The formation yield of esol − is 0.11 at 282 nm multiphoton excitation. [32] After the ionization water, several relaxation stages and recombination processes are required for the formation of esol − in Reaction (1). [30−33] Since the generation of SC is an event within the excitation laser pulse, the relaxation and recombination stages occur after the SC generation.…”

Section: Between H• and H2omentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This method was successfully used for the reduction of Eu 3+ to Eu 2+ in methanol in 2008. [1] In our previous reports, three M 3+ (M=Sm, Yb, Fe) ions were changed to their M 2+ counterparts. [2][3] The Eu 3+ , Sm 3+ , Yb 3+ ions are suggested to be reduced by electrons produced from water ionization by focused femtosecond pulses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metal ion reductions by femtosecond laser pulses with micro-Joule energy and their efficiencies

Nakashima

Yamanaka

Saeki

et al. 2016

Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry

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Chemical reactions of metal ions in solution were studied using 800 nm, 90 femtosecond laser pulses with a laser intensity range beginning at sub-micro-Joules/pulse, where the intensities were at or just below supercontinuum generation. Products were observed as surface resonance absorptions assignable to Ag, Au nanoparticles (NPs) and light scattering, indicating the formation of Pd NPs. The consumption efficiencies of metal ions from the Au and Pd ions were estimated to be 10 -3 per incident photon. The major absorbing species of the laser energy was water, which led to the formation of solvated electrons that acted as a reducing agent of metal ions, while direct multi-photon dissociation to neutral atoms was unlikely. Metal ion Fe 3+ and Yb 3+ systems are also discussed, where Fe 3+ to Fe 2+ was ascribed to two-photon absorption and Yb 3+ to Yb 2+ to a reduction followed by solvent ionization.

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Reduction of Eu3+ to Eu2+ by an intense femtosecond laser pulse in solution

Cited by 23 publications

References 19 publications

Synthesis of Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Carbon Nanoparticles from Benzene/Water Bilayer Solution with Femtosecond Laser Generated Plasma Filaments in Water

Synthesis of Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Carbon Nanoparticles from Benzene/Water Bilayer Solution with Femtosecond Laser Generated Plasma Filaments in Water

Synthesis of Bare Iron Nanoparticles from Ferrocene Hexane Solution by Femtosecond Laser Pulses

Metal ion reductions by femtosecond laser pulses with micro-Joule energy and their efficiencies

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