Reduction of Escherichia coli, Salmonella Enteritidis and Campylobacter jejuni in poultry manure by rearing of Musca domestica fly larvae

Nordentoft, Steen; Fischer, Christian Holst; Bjerrum, Lotte; Heckmann, Lars-Henrik; Hald, Birthe

doi:10.3920/jiff2016.0058

Cited by 23 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…It is known that black soldier fly (Erickson et al, 2004), but also the house fly (Nordentoft et al, 2017) reduces pathogenic bacterial strains in poultry manure. Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum is a pathogen, causing typhoid fever in chickens.…”

Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insects as food and feed, a new emerging agricultural sector: a review

Huis

2020

JIFF

266

148

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During the last five years the scientific knowledge on insects as food and feed has been growing exponentially. At the same time, the industrial sector is increasingly engaged in rearing, processing and marketing of edible insects. Considerable attention is given to the black soldier fly as it can convert organic waste streams and transform it into several feed, food and industrial products. The farming of insects has an environmental impact which is lower than that of livestock species. The profitability of industrial production of insects as feed depends very much on the availability and applicability of cheap non-utilised side-streams. Microbial communities and their relationship with insects deserve full attention as it may help in the conversion of organic side streams of low economic value. Nutrition and health benefits for animals and humans need further exploration, also considering that insects have the largest anti-microbial peptide reservoir of all animals. Plant health can also be promoted by using chitin-containing leftover substrates as fertiliser. As insects have only recently been considered as food or feed, legislation trails developments. Therefore, politicians need to be assured that rearing and processing techniques are such that insect products are guaranteed free of chemical and microbial contaminants. Consumers are becoming more and more aware that insects as food are a viable option. Insects need to be processed into ingredients, that can be applied for safe and appetising products. The insect sector is maturing fast, but still faces many challenges, which can only be met when all stakeholders closely cooperate.

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Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insects as food and feed, a new emerging agricultural sector: a review

Huis

2020

JIFF

266

148

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“…Moreover, several studies provide support of detoxification of certain pollutants [43] as well as degradation of some mycotoxins [44], while there is also evidence of bioaccumulation of certain metals [45]. These biological competences are as such not unique only to H. illucens but have also been observed in other species like M. domestica [46].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Production and Optimization of Hermetia illucens (L.) Larvae Reared on Food Waste and Utilized as Feed Ingredient

Gligorescu

Fischer

Larsen³

et al. 2020

Sustainability

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The feed sector requires new sustainable sources of protein, and at the same time better waste management practices are required to decrease and upcycle post-consumers’ food waste (catering and organic household waste), which is currently used for energy production or discharged as waste. The production of Hermetia illucens larvae (L.) (BSFL) was conducted in 15 batches at pilot scale. Furthermore, a feeding strategy experiment was conducted to optimize feedings and decrease handling, followed by a digestibility study for assessing the applicability of BSFL as a feed ingredient. About 190 kg of food waste was used to produce 79 kg of BSFL. The bioconversion of food waste into BSFL was found to be highly efficient, with feed conversion rate (FCR) values ranging between 1.7 and 3.6, when assessed on dry matter. The feeding experiment showed similar BSFL and insect frass production as well as similar FCR, revealing that a decrease in handling can be obtained if two feeding episodes are used. The digestibility of protein and fat was high at 86.2 and 90.4% and revealed that BSFL meal can be successfully used as a protein and fat source in feed for carnivore animals outside the food chain (e.g., pet food).

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“…belongs to this family, no findings of viable Salmonella has to our knowledge been reported yet (Grabowski and Klein, 2017;Vandeweyer et al, 2017;Osimani et al, 2018). This may be due to the use of feed-grade substrates as several insects as well as mealworms have vector potential for carrying Salmonella after exposure (Skov et al, 2004;Roche et al, 2009;Blazar et al, 2011;Nordentoft et al, 2017;Crippen et al, 2012Crippen et al, , 2018Wynants et al, 2019). Another explanation may be a potential capability of insects to fight incoming pathogens (Wu et al, 2018;Jo et al, 2019;Keshavarz et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Salmonella Typhimurium Level in Mealworms (Tenebrio molitor) After Exposure to Contaminated Substrate

2020

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Findings of viable Salmonella spp., which are important foodborne pathogens, are seemingly not reported in mealworms (Tenebrio molitor) for feed and food. Still, the bacterial load of mealworms is naturally high and includes members of the Enterobacteriaceae family to which Salmonella belong. This indicates that Salmonella may be able to thrive in mealworms if introduced into the production. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the quantitative level of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (ST) in mealworms over a 14-day course after exposure to substrate contaminated with ST levels from 1.7 to 7.4 log CFU/g at start (i.e., day 0). The level of ST found in larvae was below the quantitative detection level (1 or 2 log CFU/g) on day 1 in larvae exposed to contamination levels of 1.7, 3.4, and 3.6 log CFU/g opposed to contamination levels of 5.4, 5.6, and 7.4 log CFU/g, respectively. The maximum level of ST detected in individual 1-g larvae samples was 5.8 log CFU/g, but the level varied among the triplicate samples from each sampling, and the highest average value was 5.3 ± 0.3. Beyond day 7, only larvae exposed to the contamination level of 7.4 log CFU/g were >1.0 log CFU/g in the triplicate samples. However, qualitative testing (10 g) showed the presence of ST in larvae until the end of the experiment on day 14 except for the lowest contamination level of 1.7 log CFU/g. Parallel testing of surface disinfected larvae indicated that some larvae may be ST-positive due to Salmonella residing on the surface only. Still, any detection of Salmonella is of concern from a food safety perspective. In substrate with contamination levels below 3.6 log CFU/g, the level of ST was below the quantitative detection limit within a few days. Still, ST was detected until the end of experiment on day 14 except for the lowest contamination level of 1.7 log CFU/g. This study indicates the importance of avoiding introduction of Salmonella into the production, e.g., via contaminated substrate in order to avoid Salmonella-positive larvae as they remained positive for at least 14 days (except at the lowest contamination level).

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Reduction of Escherichia coli, Salmonella Enteritidis and Campylobacter jejuni in poultry manure by rearing of Musca domestica fly larvae

Cited by 23 publications

References 27 publications

Insects as food and feed, a new emerging agricultural sector: a review

Insects as food and feed, a new emerging agricultural sector: a review

Production and Optimization of Hermetia illucens (L.) Larvae Reared on Food Waste and Utilized as Feed Ingredient

Salmonella Typhimurium Level in Mealworms (Tenebrio molitor) After Exposure to Contaminated Substrate

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