Reduction of early sexual maturation in male S0 Atlantic salmon (Salmo salarL.) by dietary supplementation of tetradecylthioacetic acid (TTA)

Abstract

Effects of dietary tetradecylthioacetic fatty acid (TTA) on muscle fat, development of gonads and early sexual maturation in S0 Atlantic salmon during the first year in sea were investigated. TTA (0.5% w/w) was added to the feeds for 8 weeks in the spring. In May, at the end of the TTA-feeding period, the fish in the TTA group had significantly (P < 0.05) less fat (10.1%) stored in muscle compared with the control group (10.8%). In September, mean male gonadosomatic index (GSI) in maturing fish in the TTA group was found to be lower compared with the maturing fish in the control group (P = 0.05). On the basis of GSI values, male sexual maturation in September was 10.0% vs. 14.4% for the TTA and the control group respectively. Thus, relative to the control group, the incidence of male sexual maturation in the TTA group was reduced by about 1/3 (P = 0.002). Production data was not affected by dietary supplementation of TTA. This study reveals that TTA significantly reduces the incidence of male sexual maturation in S0 Atlantic salmon. A significant elimination model of TTA in fish muscle that takes into account, the growth rate of the fish was further developed in this study.

Dietary tetradecylthioacetic acid supplementation during the fall prevents an increase in body lipid levels but does not influence precocious male maturation rate in juvenile spring Chinook salmon

“…This shows that TTA supplementation in the feed modifies lipid metabolism in juvenile Chinook salmon in a similar manner as previously found in Atlantic salmon (Moya-Falcon et al, 2004;Rorvik et al, 2007). Tetradecylthioacetic acid administration suppressed growth during the treatment period, consistent with some results reported in Atlantic salmon (Moya-Falcon et al, 2004), but contrasting with other studies (Alne et al, 2009;Arge et al, 2014). The discrepancy between studies likely relates to lower power to detect differences in the latter two studies.…”

Detection of Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) Related to Grilsing and Late Sexual Maturation in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)

“…A clear link between feeding and age of sexual maturation has been described in salmonids (Shearer et al 2006 ; Silverstein et al 1998 ; Taranger et al 2010 ; Thorpe et al 1990 ), suggesting that by restricting rations, energy storage and, in particular, lipid stores decrease, thereby delaying sexual maturation (Duston and Saunders 1999 ; Rowe et al 1991 ; Shearer et al 2006 ; Shearer and Swanson 2000 ). This also explains the increasing use of tetradecylthioacetic acid to reduce early sexual maturation in Atlantic salmon (Arge et al 2012 ) as it affects the β-oxidation of fatty acids, reducing levels of plasma lipids and adipose lipid stores, and enhancing transport of fatty acids to the liver.…”

Differences in fat accumulation between immature male and female Atlantic salmon Salmo salar after dietary administration of tetradecylthioacetic acid

“…In experiments when S. salar were given TTA‐supplemented feed during the first spring in sea (April to June), it led to reduced fat content in white muscle. This is observed in both post‐smolts (Alne et al , 2009 a ) and larger individuals (Arge et al , ). Early sexual maturation in male S. salar the following autumn (jack maturation) was significantly lower in the TTA‐fed fish in both studies, possibly due to the lower accumulation of fat in the spring.…”

“…TTA also decreases the levels of plasma lipids and adipose lipid stores and enhances the transport of fatty acids to the liver (Berge et al , ). In recent years, TTA has been of interest as an additive for fish feed (Moya‐Falcón et al , ; Kennedy et al , ; Rørvik et al , ; Alne et al , 2009 a , b ; Arge et al , ; Grammes et al , ). In experiments when S. salar were given TTA‐supplemented feed during the first spring in sea (April to June), it led to reduced fat content in white muscle.…”