Reduction of Colitis by Prebiotics in HLA-B27 Transgenic Rats Is Associated with Microflora Changes and Immunomodulation

Hoentjen, Frank; Welling, Gjalt W.; Harmsen, Hermie J. M.; Zhang, Xiaoyin; Snart, Jennifer; Tannock, Gerald W.; Lien, K. A.; Churchill, Thomas A.; Lupicki, Maryla; Dieleman, Levinus A.

doi:10.1097/01.mib.0000183421.02316.d5

Cited by 187 publications

(131 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Three studies using IN, FOS or OF-enriched IN in colitis models in rats report reductions in mucosal damage, release of a range of inflammatory mediators (such as PGE 2 , thromboxane B 2 , leukotriene B 4 and pro-inflammatory cytokines) in different parts of the gut, and various other markers of inflammation (21,25,111) . A model of colitis in female mice showed that FOS decreased disease activity index and damage to the distal colon (112) .…”

Section: Studies In Laboratory Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prebiotics, immune function, infection and inflammation: a review of the evidence

2008

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b2-1 Fructans are carbohydrate molecules with prebiotic properties. Through resistance to digestion in the upper gastrointestinal tract, they reach the colon intact, where they selectively stimulate the growth and/or activity of beneficial members of the gut microbiota. Through this modification of the intestinal microbiota, and by additional mechanisms, b2-1 fructans may have beneficial effects upon immune function, ability to combat infection, and inflammatory processes and conditions. In this paper, we have collated, summarised and evaluated studies investigating these areas. Twenty-one studies in laboratory animals suggest that some aspects of innate and adaptive immunity of the gut and the systemic immune systems are modified by b2-1 fructans. In man, two studies in children and nine studies in adults indicate that the adaptive immune system may be modified by b2-1 fructans. Thirteen studies in animal models of intestinal infections conclude a beneficial effect of b2-1 fructans. Ten trials involving infants and children have mostly reported benefits on infectious outcomes; in fifteen adult trials, little effect was generally seen, although in specific situations, certain b2-1 fructans may be beneficial. Ten studies in animal models show benefit of b2-1 fructans with regard to intestinal inflammation. Human studies report some benefits regarding inflammatory bowel disease (four positive studies) and atopic dermatitis (one positive study), but findings in irritable bowel syndrome are inconsistent. Therefore, overall the results indicate that b2-1 fructans are able to modulate some aspects of immune function, to improve the host's ability to respond successfully to certain intestinal infections, and to modify some inflammatory conditions. b2-1 Fructans: Inulin: Oligofructose: Fructo-oligosaccharides: Cytokines Prebiotics have been defined as 'non-digestible food ingredients that beneficially affect the host by selectively stimulating the growth, and/or activity, of one or a limited number of beneficial bacteria in the colon and thus improve host health' (1) . Research on the potential health benefits of prebiotics has occurred over the last 15 years or so, with a recent interest in the effects on the immune system, the host's ability to fight infection, and inflammatory processes and conditions. These effects have been reviewed several times (2 -7) but to our knowledge there are no reviews that bring together all of the available studies in all of the these areas. Thus, the aim of the present article is to describe the structure and dietary sources of prebiotics, and to summarise and evaluate studies investigating the influence of prebiotics on immunity, host defence, and inflammatory processes and conditions.Structure of prebiotics b2-1 Fructans, which include inulin (IN) and fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), fulfil the criteria for prebiotics (8) . Other carbohydrates including galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), gluco-oligosaccharides, isomalto-oligosaccharides, lactulose, mannanoligosaccharides (MOS), nigero-oli...

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Section: Studies In Laboratory Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prebiotics, immune function, infection and inflammation: a review of the evidence

2008

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“…In HLA-B27 transgenic rats colonic inflammation was reduced after oral administration of the combination of inulin and oligofructose for 7 weeks. 58 Synbiotic therapy with inulin plus a probiotic cocktail, containing lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, also reduced colitis in these rats. 83 …”

Section: Colitis In Hla-b27 Transgenic Ratsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…57 In addition, feeding inulin-enriched oligofructose in colitis-susceptible HLA-B27 transgenic rats reduced colitis and increased intestinal TGF-β. 58 …”

Section: Effects On the Host Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prebiotics in Chronic Intestinal Inflammation

Langen

Dieleman

2009

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

154

104

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Prebiotics are nondigestible fermentable fibers that are reported to have health benefits for the host. Older as well as more recent studies show beneficial effects in experimental colitis and lately also in human inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), such as Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and chronic pouchitis. In this review we give an overview of the benefits of prebiotics in rodent IBD models and in IBD patients and discuss their possible protective mechanisms. Commensal intestinal bacteria induce and perpetuate chronic intestinal inflammation, whereas others are protective. However, most of the current medications are directed against the exaggerated proinflammatory immune response of the host, some of them toxic and costly. Feeding prebiotics changes the composition of the intestinal microflora toward more protective intestinal bacteria and alters systemic and mucosal immune responses of the host. Therapy for IBD targeting intestinal bacteria and their function is just emerging. Prebiotics have the promise to be relatively safe, inexpensive, and easy to administer. Unraveling their protective mechanisms will help to develop rational applications of prebiotics. However, the initial promising results with dietary prebiotics in preclinical trials as well as small studies in human IBD will need to be confirmed in large randomized controlled clinical trials. Keywords ulcerative colitis; Crohn's disease; prebiotics; bifidobacteria; lactobacilli The incidence and prevalence of chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), such as Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are increasing in the developed northern hemisphere. Bernstein et al 1 recently published data that showed that Canada has the highest incidence and prevalence of CD thus far reported. The incidence rate for CD ranged from 8.8-20.2 per 100,000 and the prevalence ranged from 161-319 per 100,000. The incidence and prevalence of UC was lower, ranging from 9.9-19.5 and 162-249 per 100,000, respectively. Approximately 0.5% of the Canadian population has IBD. Several studies concerning the pathogenesis of IBD indicate that a combination of factors such as genetic susceptibility, intestinal microflora, dietary factors, intestinal barrier dysfunction, and an abnormal immune response to intestinal bacteria lead to chronic intestinal inflammation. CIHR Author Manuscript CIHR Author Manuscript CIHR Author Manuscript Current IBD TherapeuticsThe current medical armamentarium to treat UC and CD consists of 5-aminosalicylic acid (ASA) compounds, corticosteroids, azathioprine/6-mercaptopurine, methotrexate, and cyclosporine. Recently several biologics have been added to this list. 5 Most patients respond well to these therapies, but for some patients it is still inadequate and/or induces intolerable and serious side effects. In addition, the current therapies are mostly directed against the overly aggressive adaptive immune response of the host, but fail to correct potential environmental triggers such as the intestinal microflora that induces a...

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“…Moreover, treatment with an oligofructose-enriched inulin (Synergy 1) mitigated intestinal inflammation in HLA-B27 transgenic rats, which spontaneously develop colitis. 9 The effect was associated with decreased tissue proinflammatory cytokines and increased expression of immunomodulatory molecules. Inulin has also been tested in a placebo controlled clinical trial in patients with relapsing pouchitis (inflammation of the ileal pouch, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral oligofructose‐enriched inulin supplementation in acute ulcerative colitis is well tolerated and associated with lowered faecal calprotectin

Casellas¹,

Borruel²,

Torrejón³

et al. 2007

Aliment Pharmacol Ther

220

144

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Reduction of Colitis by Prebiotics in HLA-B27 Transgenic Rats Is Associated with Microflora Changes and Immunomodulation

Cited by 187 publications

References 56 publications

Prebiotics, immune function, infection and inflammation: a review of the evidence

Prebiotics, immune function, infection and inflammation: a review of the evidence

Prebiotics in Chronic Intestinal Inflammation

Oral oligofructose‐enriched inulin supplementation in acute ulcerative colitis is well tolerated and associated with lowered faecal calprotectin

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