Reduction of cobalt oxide with methane

Khoshandam, Behnam; Jamshidi, E.; Kumar, Rupesh

doi:10.1007/s11663-004-0076-7

Cited by 45 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The activation energy for the reduction of ZnO to Zn by methane in the temperature range of 840-930°C is found to be 67.09 kcal/g mol [14], which is close to that of the reduction of nickel oxide by methane in the present work. It is reported that the activation energy of the reduction of Fe 2 O 3 to Fe with methane is 52.7 kcal/ g mol in the temperature range of 875-950°C [11], and for the reduction of cobalt oxide with methane, it is found to be 37 kcal/g mol in the temperature range of 800-950°C [13]. Thus, the value reported in this article for the reduction of nickel oxide with methane is within the same order of magnitude as the values for the reduction of ZnO, Fe 2 O 3 and CoO with methane.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Kinetic Study of Nickel Oxide Reduction by Methane

2007

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The reduction of the nickel oxide, NiO, by methane was investigated in this work. The thermogravimetric technique was used for the determination of kinetic parameters for the reaction. The reaction was carried out in the temperature range of 600-725°C, at atmospheric pressure with porous pellets prepared from nickel oxide powder with a mean particle size of 0.026 lm. The conversion-time data have been interpreted by using the grain model. Complete conversion can be achieved in 11 min at 725°C, which is shorter than the time required by carbon, i.e., ca. 120 min at 1000°C. This faster reduction in comparison with carbonthermal reduction is attributed to the high carbon activity in methane. For the first order reaction with respect to methane concentration, the activation energy is found to be 63.9 kcal/g mol.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of methane as a reducing agent has been reported by Ghosh et al [11] for iron oxide, by Khoshandam et al for chromium oxide [12] and cobalt oxide [13] and by Ale-Ebrahim and Jamshidi for zinc oxide [14]. The reduction of metallic ores and inorganic minerals with coal is not environmentally friendly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic Study of Nickel Oxide Reduction by Methane

2007

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“…Consequently, a cyclone separator can be applied in the fluid bed outlet for separation of solid cobalt from synthesis gas. According to experimental results presented by Khoshandam et al in the temperature range of 1073 K to 1223 K, the final solid product of cobalt oxide reduction by methane is pure Int J Thermophys cobalt; also, coke formation and the composition of gaseous products have not been reported in their work [16].…”

Section: Effect Of Temperature On Equilibrium Composition Of Componentsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Thermodynamic Study of Transformation of Methane to Synthesis Gas Over Metal Oxides

2014

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A metal oxide reduction-water splitting cycle is a new developing method to produce synthesis gas without using a catalyst. In the reduction stage, metal oxide reduction and methane activation are combined in an efficient and energy-saving process using methane as a reducing agent. In this study, the effect of temperature and reductant (oxidant) amount on the equilibrium composition of products, graphitic carbon formation, yield of synthesis gas (water splitting stage), and produced H 2 /CO ratio are thermodynamically investigated. This investigation includes metal oxides of zinc, tin, cobalt, and nickel. The results show that the synthesis gas is produced simultaneously with gaseous zinc, molten tin, solid cobalt, and solid nickel for those metal oxides in the reduction process. In the case of tin oxide, the feasibility of the graphitic carbon formation is less than the other oxides. The maximum yield of synthesis gas occurs in the stoichiometric molar ratio of methanothermal reduction reactions. From the methane consumption point of view, zinc oxide has a much higher synthesis gas yield. Finally, it is proposed that cobalt and nickel oxides can be used only in the reduction stage to produce synthesis gas and reduced metals due to low equilibrium conversion in the water splitting stage. The metal oxide reduction-water splitting cycle can be developed as an environmentally friendly technology for synthesis gas production over metal oxides.

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“…The reported kinetic data of reduction of cobalt oxide with methane (Khoshandam et al, 2004) are used in the Figure 6. Effect of reducing gas composition on the conversion of different size pellets in the product stream.…”

Section: Model Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mathematical modelling of fluidized‐bed reactors for non‐catalytic gas–solid reactions

2010

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Mathematical modelling of a continuous fluidized-bed reactor has been carried out for non-catalytic gas-solid reactions. The two-phase bubbling bed model has been used and the elutriation phenomenon for the fine particles has been investigated. The feed stream consisting particles with size distribution and reversible or irreversible first-order kinetics can be treated by the model. The reduction behaviour of solid reactants was described by the grain model. A program was developed in MATLAB software for solving the governing equations at conditions of different temperatures and pressures. The model was validated using experimental data and simulation results available in the literature for the iron ore reduction with a gas mixture containing hydrogen [Srinivasan and Staffansson, Chem. Eng. Sci. 45(5), 1253-1265 (1990)]. The mathematical modelling was also used for predicting the extent of reaction for reduction of cobalt oxide by methane.La modélisation mathématique d'un réacteurà lit fluidisé continu aété réaliséeà partir de réactions gaz-solide non catalytiques. Le modèle de lità bulles en deux phases aété utilisé et on aétudié le phénomène d'élutriation pour les particules fines. Le débit d'alimentation composé de particules avec une distribution de la taille et une cinétique de premier ordre réversible ou irréversible peutêtre traité par ce modèle. Le comportement de réduction des réactifs solides aété décrit par le modèle de grain. Un programme aété créé avec le logiciel MATLAB pour résoudre leséquations principalesà des conditions de différentes températures et pressions. Le modèle aété validé au moyen des données expérimentales et des résultats de simulation que l'on trouve dans la littérature pour la réduction du minerai de fer avec un mélange de gaz contenant de l'hydrogène [Srinivasan and Staffansson, Chem. Eng. Sci. 45(5), 1253-1265(1990]. La modélisation mathématique aégalementété utilisée pour prédire l'étendue de la réaction pour la réduction de l'oxyde de cobalt par le méthane.

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Reduction of cobalt oxide with methane

Cited by 45 publications

References 6 publications

Kinetic Study of Nickel Oxide Reduction by Methane

Kinetic Study of Nickel Oxide Reduction by Methane

Thermodynamic Study of Transformation of Methane to Synthesis Gas Over Metal Oxides

Mathematical modelling of fluidized‐bed reactors for non‐catalytic gas–solid reactions

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