Reduction of 2,4‐D Load in Surface Runoff Down a Grassed Waterway

Asmussen, L. E.; White, A. W.; Hauser, E. W.; Sheridan, J. M.

doi:10.2134/jeq1977.00472425000600020011x

Cited by 80 publications

(58 citation statements)

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“…Dense, low-growing grasses are used to stabilize and protect the soil surface against erosion by concentrated runoff (Dosskey, 2001). To serve this function effectively, there is usually a selection of fast growing grasses which are mowed frequently in order to prevent sward-damaging sedimentation and to reduce hydraulic roughness (Ree, 1949;Asmussen et al, 1977;Fiener and Auerswald, 2003). Also, grassed waterways reduce the velocity of overland flow and reduce peak discharge rate (Chow et al, 1999).…”

Section: Prevention Of Pesticide Input In Water Bodiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of constructed wetlands for removal of pesticides from agricultural runoff and drainage: A review

Vymazal

Březinová

2015

Environment International

398

151

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Section: Prevention Of Pesticide Input In Water Bodiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of constructed wetlands for removal of pesticides from agricultural runoff and drainage: A review

Vymazal

Březinová

2015

Environment International

398

151

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“…Since VFSs are commonly placed near streams and these areas can suffer seasonal shallow water conditions, this tool fills an important gap in environmental management and analysis. For example, in Europe VFSs are often prescribed along river drainage networks without objective assessment of their efficiency during winter wet periods (Carluer et al, 2017;Bach et al, 2017). In the US, the historical topography-based approach, which links priority for buffers to locations where runoff water converges from uplands and saturates the soil, often results in placement on bottomlands next to streams (Dosskey and Qiu, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Grass buffer zones or vegetative filter strips (VFSs), are a typical environmental control practice to protect aquatic ecosystems from sediment, and agrichemicals from agricultural fields (Roberts et al, 2012). While VFSs are recommended in the USA and other regions, in Europe they are often mandatory along rivers due to their potential to limit surface pesticide runoff and aerial spray drift from entering adjacent surface water bodies (Asmussen et al, 1977;Rohde et al 1980;USDA-NRCS, 2000;Dosskey, 2001;Syversen and Bechmann, 2004;Poletika et al, 2009). However, the effectiveness of edge-of-field buffer strips to…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…integrated VFSMOD within higher-tier, US EPA long-term pesticide exposure framework (PRZM/VFSMOD/EXAMS) to estimate changes in aquatic concentrations when VFSs are adopted as a runoff pollution control practice. Recently, the German environmental protection agency (UBA) developed the GERDA software package as a pesticide regulatory tool for surface water that includes VFSMOD simulations with a shallow water table where present (Bach et al, 2017).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Shallow water table effects on water, sediment, and pesticide transport in vegetative filter strips – Part 2: model coupling, application, factor importance, and uncertainty

Lauvernet

Muñoz‐Carpena

2018

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Vegetative filter strips are often used for protecting surface waters from pollution transferred by surface runoff in agricultural watersheds. In Europe, they are often prescribed along the stream banks, where a seasonal shallow water table (WT) could decrease the buffer zone efficiency. In spite of this potentially important effect, there are no systematic experimental or theoretical studies on the effect of this soil boundary condition on the VFS efficiency. In the companion paper (Muñoz-Carpena et al., 2018), we developed a physically based numerical algorithm (SWINGO) that allows the representation of soil infiltration with a shallow water table.Here we present the dynamic coupling of SWINGO with VF-SMOD, an overland flow and transport mathematical model to study the WT influence on VFS efficiency in terms of reductions of overland flow, sediment, and pesticide transport. This new version of VFSMOD was applied to two contrasted benchmark field studies in France (sandy-loam soil in a Mediterranean semicontinental climate, and silty clay in a temperate oceanic climate), where limited testing of the model with field data on one of the sites showed promising results. The application showed that for the conditions of the studies, VFS efficiency decreases markedly when the water table is 0 to 1.5 m from the surface. In order to evaluate the relative importance of WT among other input factors controlling VFS efficiency, global sensitivity and uncertainty analysis (GSA) was applied on the benchmark studies. The most important factors found for VFS overland flow reduction were saturated hydraulic conductivity and WT depth, added to sediment characteristics and VFS dimensions for sediment and pesticide reductions. The relative importance of WT varied as a function of soil type (most important at the siltyclay soil) and hydraulic loading (rainfall + incoming runoff) at each site. The presence of WT introduced more complex responses dominated by strong interactions in the modeled system response, reducing the typical predominance of saturated hydraulic conductivity on infiltration under deep water table conditions. This study demonstrates that when present, the WT should be considered as a key hydrologic factor in buffer design and evaluation as a water quality mitigation practice.

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“…By using simulated rainfall on 24.4 m long waterways, Asmussen et al (1977) found that total losses of 2,4-D were 2.5 and 10.3% for dry and wet plots, respectively. Rhode et al (1980) found higher herbicide reduction in buffer strips during dry soil conditions.…”

Section: Conditions Of Each Surface Flow Simulation Are Presented Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Streamside management zone (SMZ) efficiency in herbicide retention from simulated surface flow

et al. 2008

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-Plot-scale overland flow experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficiency of streamside management zones (SMZs) in retaining herbicides in runoff generated from silvicultural activities. Herbicide retention was evaluated for five different slopes (2, 5, 10, 15, and 20%), two cover conditions (undisturbed O horizon and raked surface), and two periods under contrasting soil moisture conditions (summer dry and winter wet season) and correlated to O horizon and site conditions. Picloram (highly soluble in water) and atrazine (moderately sorbed into soil particles) at concentrations in the range of 55 and 35 µg L -1 and kaolin clay (approximately 5 g L -1 ) were mixed with 13.000 liters of water and dispersed over the top of 5 x 10 m forested plots. Surface flow was collected 2, 4, 6, and 10 m below the disperser to evaluate the changes in concentration as it moved through the O horizon and surface soil horizon-mixing zone. Results showed that, on average, a 10 m long forested SMZ removed around 25% of the initial concentration of atrazine and was generally ineffective in reducing the more soluble picloram. Retention of picloram was only 6% of the applied quantity. Percentages of mass reduction by infiltration were 36% for atrazine and 20% for picloram. Stronger relationships existed between O horizon depth and atrazine retention than in any other measured variable, suggesting that better solid-solution contact associated with flow through deeper O horizons is more important than either velocity or soil moisture as a determinant of sorption.Keywords: pollution control, silviculture, pesticides, runoff.RESUMO -Experimento de escoamento superficial, em escala piloto, foi conduzido para se avaliar a eficiência de zonas ripárias (SMZs) na retenção de herbicidas presentes no escoamento superficial gerado em atividades silviculturais. A retenção do herbicida foi avaliada em terrenos com cinco diferentes declividades (2, 5, 10, 15 e 20%), duas condições de cobertura do solo (com e sem o horizonte O) e dois períodos de distintos teores de água no solo (verão seco e inverno úmido). Picloram (altamente solúvel em água) e atrazina (moderadamente adsorvível às partículas de solo), em concentrações na faixa de 55 e 35 µg L 1 , e caulinita (aproximadamente 5 g L -1 ) foram misturados com 13.000 litros de água e aplicados sobre o solo de áreas experimentais florestadas de 5 x 10 m. O escoamento superficial foi coletado a 2, 4, 6 e 10 m abaixo do ponto de aplicação, para que se pudesse avaliar as mudanças nas concentrações dos contaminantes na suspensão em escoamento. Resultados mostraram que, em média, faixas de 10 m de comprimento de SMZ florestada foram capazes de proporcionar remoção em torno de 25% na concentração inicial de atrazina e foram, geralmente, ineficientes na remoção de picloram, sendo essa remoção de apenas 6% do total aplicado. As reduções percentuais de massa, com a infiltração da suspensão no solo, foram de 36% apara a atrazina e 20% para o picloram. Existe forte relação entre profundidade 132 do h...

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Reduction of 2,4‐D Load in Surface Runoff Down a Grassed Waterway

Cited by 80 publications

References 0 publications

The use of constructed wetlands for removal of pesticides from agricultural runoff and drainage: A review

The use of constructed wetlands for removal of pesticides from agricultural runoff and drainage: A review

Shallow water table effects on water, sediment, and pesticide transport in vegetative filter strips – Part 2: model coupling, application, factor importance, and uncertainty

Streamside management zone (SMZ) efficiency in herbicide retention from simulated surface flow

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