Reduction in α-adrenergic receptor-mediated vascular tone contributes to improved arterial compliance with endurance training

Sugawara, Jun; Komine, Hidehiko; Hayashi, Koichiro; Yoshizawa, Mutsuko; Otsuki, Takeshi; Shimojo, Nobutake; Miyauchi, Takashi; Yokoi, Takashi; Maeda, Seiji; Tanaka, Hirofumi

doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2008.04.007

Cited by 60 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…Of these structural changes, it has been theorized that non-enzymatic glycation would be the most responsive to aerobic exercise, through pulsatile stretching and breaking of collagen crosslinks. 30 Breaking down of the diabetes-associated collagen crosslinks, as well as short-term aerobic training-induced improvements in sympathetic tone 32 and increase in nitric-oxide induced vasodilatory activity 33 could all potentially explain the short-term reductions in arterial stiffness seen in this study. The fact that we were unable to demonstrate any training-induced improvements in fasting blood glucose, blood pressure and lipid levels might be one explanation for the training-resistant nature of arterial stiffness in our high-risk subjects over the longer term.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Aerobic training-induced improvements in arterial stiffness are not sustained in older adults with multiple cardiovascular risk factors

et al. 2012

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There is a well-established relationship between increased arterial stiffness and cardiovascular mortality. We examined whether a long-term aerobic exercise intervention (6 months) would increase arterial compliance in older adults with hypertension complicated by Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and hyperlipidemia. A total of 52 older adults (mean age 69.3±0.6 years, 30 males and 22 females) with diet/oral hypoglycemic-controlled T2DM, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia were recruited. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of two groups: an aerobic group (6 months vigorous aerobic exercise, AT group) and a non-aerobic group (6 months of no aerobic exercise, NA group). Arterial stiffness was measured as pulse-wave velocity (PWV) using the Complior device. Aerobic training decreased arterial stiffness as measured by both radial (P=0.001, 2-way analysis of variance with repeated measures) and femoral (P=0.002) PWV. This was due to a decrease in arterial stiffness in the AT group after 3 months of training, which was not maintained after 6-month training for either radial (P=0.707) or femoral (P=0.680) PWV. Our findings indicate that in older adults with multiple cardiovascular risk factors, short-term improvements in arterial stiffness became attenuated over the long term.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Aerobic training-induced improvements in arterial stiffness are not sustained in older adults with multiple cardiovascular risk factors

et al. 2012

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“…However, analogous assessments are experimentally challenging in humans, and future studies are needed to examine the contribution of any structural changes to reduced arterial stiffness with exercise in humans. In addition, exercise may also induce functional changes to the vasculature via mechanisms other than reduced NFkB signalling, such as alterations in the sympathetic nervous system [27], TNF-α [28], endothelin-1 [29] signalling or the COX 1/2 pathway [30]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced large elastic artery stiffness with regular aerobic exercise in middle-aged and older adults

Jablonski

Donato

Fleenor

et al. 2015

Journal of Hypertension

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Objective Aortic pulse-wave velocity (aPWV) increases with age and is a strong independent predictor of incident cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in healthy middle-aged and older adults. aPWV is lower in middle-aged and older adults who perform regular aerobic exercise than in their sedentary peers. As exercise is associated with reduced systemic inflammation, we hypothesized that suppression of the pro-inflammatory transcription factor nuclear factor κ B (NFκB) may mediate this process. Methods aPWV was measured in young sedentary [n =10, blood pressure (BP) 108 ± 3/59 ± 2 mmHg; mean ± SEM], middle-aged and older sedentary (n =9, 124 ± 7/73 ± 5 mmHg) and middle-aged and older aerobic exercise-trained (n =12, 110 ± 4/67 ± 2 mmHg) healthy, nonhypertensive men and women. Results Baseline aPWV increased with age [626 ± 14 (young sedentary) vs. 859 ± 49 (middle-aged and older sedentary) cm/s, P <0.001] but was 20% lower in middle-aged and older trained (686 ± 30 cm/s) than in middle-aged and older sedentary (P <0.005). Short-term (4 days × 2500–4500 mg) treatment with the NFκB inhibitor salsalate (randomized, placebo-controlled cross-over design) reduced aPWV (to 783 ± 44 cm/s, P <0.05) without changing BP (P =0.40) or heart rate (P =0.90) in middle-aged and older sedentary, but had no effect in young sedentary (623 ± 19) or middle-aged and older trained (699 ± 30). Following salsalate treatment, aPWV no longer was significantly different in middle-aged and older sedentary vs. middle-aged and older trained (P =0.29). The reduction in aPWV with salsalate administration was inversely related to baseline (placebo) aPWV (r = −0.60, P <0.001). Conclusion These results support the hypothesis that suppressed NFκB signalling may partially mediate the lower aortic stiffness in middle-aged and older adults who regularly perform aerobic exercise. Because aPWV predicts incident cardiovascular events in this population, this suggests that tonic suppression of NFκB signalling in middle-aged and older exercising adults may potentially lower cardiovascular risk.

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“…In this review, only two studies measured PWV, specifically baPWV, and both showed significant reductions after 12 weeks of exercise intervention [23,37]. The exercise-induced reduction of arterial stiffness may be mediated by a decrease of α-adrenergic receptor tone in arterial smooth muscle cells; thus, increasing arterial elasticity [38]. Maeda www.bjbms.org vascular tone leads to better arterial compliance [39].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of exercise on vascular markers and C-reactive protein among obese children and adolescents: An evidence-based review

Salamt¹,

Muhajir²,

Aminuddin³

et al. 2019

Bosn J of Basic Med Sci

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Numerous studies have evaluated the effects of exercise training on obese children and adolescents. However, the impact of aerobic and/or resistance exercise alone, without any other interventions, on vascular markers and C-reactive protein (CRP) in obese children and adolescents is still not clear. We performed a literature search in Ovid Medline, PubMed, and SCOPUS databases to identify articles on the effects of exercise on vascular markers and CRP among obese children and adolescents, published between January 2009 and May 2019. Only full-text articles in English that reported on the effect of aerobic and/or resistance exercise on the vascular markers pulse wave velocity (PWV), carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), augmentation index (AIx) or CRP in obese children and adolescents (5–19 years old) were included. The literature search identified 36 relevant articles; 9 articles that fulfilled all the inclusion criteria were selected by two independent reviewers. Aerobic exercise or a combination of aerobic and resistance exercise training significantly improved CIMT and PWV in obese children and adolescents in all studies in which they were measured (2 studies for PWV and 4 studies for CIMT). However, the effects of exercise on FMD and CRP levels were inconclusive, as only half of the studies demonstrated significant improvements (1/2 studies for FMD and 4/8 studies for CRP). The results of our review support the ability of exercise to improve vascular markers such as PWV and CIMT in obese children and adolescents. This finding is important as obesity is a modifiable risk factor of CVD, and exercise may help in reducing the future occurrence of CVD in this population.

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Reduction in α-adrenergic receptor-mediated vascular tone contributes to improved arterial compliance with endurance training

Cited by 60 publications

References 34 publications

Aerobic training-induced improvements in arterial stiffness are not sustained in older adults with multiple cardiovascular risk factors

Aerobic training-induced improvements in arterial stiffness are not sustained in older adults with multiple cardiovascular risk factors

Reduced large elastic artery stiffness with regular aerobic exercise in middle-aged and older adults

The effects of exercise on vascular markers and C-reactive protein among obese children and adolescents: An evidence-based review

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