Reduction in vegetative growth of the water mold Saprolegnia parasitica (Coker) by humic substance of different qualities

Meinelt, Thomas; Paul, Andrea; Phan, Thuy M.; Zwirnmann, Elke; Krüger, Angela; Wienke, Andreas; Steinberg, Christian E. W.

doi:10.1016/j.aquatox.2007.03.013

Cited by 80 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Whether or not this finding is generalizable should be checked with usual animals in sediment toxicity tests, namely amphipods, mussels, and fishes. Nevertheless, this study confirms the findings of other studies on direct toxic effects of humic substances on nematodes, cladocerans, amphipods, and fishes (Höss et al 2001;Meinelt et al 2007;Steinberg et al 2007Steinberg et al , 2010Bedulina et al 2010;Bouchnak and Steinberg 2010). Although organic matter might be one source of stress, it is a necessary component of formulated control sediments, to mimic natural conditions.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Organic carbon source in formulated sediments influences life traits and gene expression of Caenorhabditis elegans

et al. 2011

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River water quality is strongly influenced by their sediments and their associated pollutants. To assess the toxic potential of sediments, sediment toxicity tests require reliable control sediments, potentially including formulated control sediments as one major option. Although some standardization has been carried out, one critical issue still remains the quality of sediment organic matter (SOM). Organic carbon not only binds hydrophobic contaminants, but may be a source of mild toxicity, even if the SOM is essentially uncontaminated. We tested two different sources of organic carbon and the mixture of both (Sphagnum peat (P) and one commercial humic substances preparation-HuminFeed(®), HF) in terms of life trait variables and expression profiles of selected life performance and stress genes of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. In synchronous cultures, gene expression profiling was done after 6 and 48 h, respectively. The uncontaminated Sphagnum P reduced growth, but increased numbers of offspring, whereas HF did not significantly alter life trait variables. The 6 h expression profile showed most of the studied stress genes repressed, except for slight to strong induction in cyp-35B1 (all exposures), gst-38 (only mixture), and small hsp-16 genes (all exposures). After 48 h, the expression of almost all studied genes increased, particularly genes coding for antioxidative defense, multiple xenobiotic resistance, vitellogenin-like proteins, and genes regulating lifespan. Overall, even essentially uncontaminated SOM may induce several modes of action on the molecular level in C. elegans which may lead to false results if testing synthetic xenobiotics. This contribution is a plea for a strict standardization of the SOM quality in formulated sediments and to check for corresponding effects in other model sediment organisms, especially if using molecular toxicity endpoints.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Organic carbon source in formulated sediments influences life traits and gene expression of Caenorhabditis elegans

et al. 2011

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“…It follows that F. psychrophilum was killed as a result of the acidity of the humus extract, due to its high concentration. No inhibition of the growth of Saprolegnia parasitica by humic substances has been reported [9]. Our test also showed that several species of fish pathogenic bacteria (A. salmonicida, A. hydrophila, Edwardsiella tarda, Lactococcus garvieae, Photobacterium damsela,…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

Protection against Flavobacterium psychrophilum Infection (Cold Water Disease) in Ayu Fish (Plecoglossus altivelis) by Oral Administration of Humus Extract

Nakagawa

Iwasaki

Kodama

2009

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. Humic substances are formed during the decomposition of organic matter in humus, and are found in many natural environments in which organic materials and microorganisms have been present. In the present study, oral administration of humus extract to ayu fish (Plecoglossus altivelis) induced effective protection against experimental Flavobacterium psychrophilum infection (cold water disease). Mortality of fish and development of skin lesions, such as erosion and hemorrhages on the skin, gill cover or mouth, were significantly suppressed in fish treated with 10%, 5% or 1% humus extract adsorbed on dry pellets. Although F. psychrophilum was not re-isolated from gills and erosion lesions of the skin of dead fish, bacterial gyrB DNA could be amplified in these specimens from dead fish and surviving control fish using the polymerase chain reaction. The protective effect of the extract was not the results of direct killing of bacteria or antibiotic activity of the extract since no obvious reduction in the bacterial number was observed at 5 times to 5,000 times dilution of the humus extract having pH 5.45 to 7.40. These results clearly show that treating fish with humus extract is effective in preventing cold water disease.

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“…In addition to this, the role of dissolved HSs as environmental stressors to freshwater organisms has been demonstrated in parasitic fungi, fish, amphibians, and invertebrates Meems et al 2004;Meinelt et al 2007;Menzel et al 2005;Timofeyev et al 2004Timofeyev et al , 2006a. It has also been shown that HSs modulate, mainly inhibit, photosynthetic oxygen production and growth of macrophytes and algae (Gjessing et al 1998;Steinberg 2003;Pflugmacher et al 2006;Karasyova et al 2007;Prokhotskaya and Steinberg 2007).…”

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confidence: 92%

“…In aquatic phototrophs, a reduction of photosynthetic oxygen release correlated well to the quinoid content of the dissolved HSs . In a study with the water mold Saprolegnia parasitica Coker, Meinelt et al (2007) showed that particularly aged, phenol-rich HSs reduced the vegetative growth and forced it to produce spores. Applying one phenol-rich and one carbohydrate-rich HS in lifespan studies with the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans Maupas, Steinberg et al (2007) found that the phenol-rich isolate significantly increased the lifespan of this worm, whereas the carbohydrate-rich HS reduced it (unpublished).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Different natural organic matter isolates cause similar stress response patterns in the freshwater amphipod, Gammarus pulex

Bedulina

Timofeyev

Zimmer

et al. 2009

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Reduction in vegetative growth of the water mold Saprolegnia parasitica (Coker) by humic substance of different qualities

Cited by 80 publications

References 32 publications

Organic carbon source in formulated sediments influences life traits and gene expression of Caenorhabditis elegans

Organic carbon source in formulated sediments influences life traits and gene expression of Caenorhabditis elegans

Protection against Flavobacterium psychrophilum Infection (Cold Water Disease) in Ayu Fish (Plecoglossus altivelis) by Oral Administration of Humus Extract

Different natural organic matter isolates cause similar stress response patterns in the freshwater amphipod, Gammarus pulex

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