Reduction in purchases of energy-dense nutrient-poor foods in Mexico associated with the introduction of a tax in 2014

Hernández-F, Mauricio; Batis, Carolina; Rivera, Juan Á.; Colchero, M. Arantxa

doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.09.019

Cited by 49 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Some countries such as Brazil [35,36] and Uruguay [37] officially incorporated UPF in their food-based dietary guidelines. In addition, some countries, such as Chile [38], implemented policies to restrict the marketing of junk food products to children, and other countries, such as Mexico [39,40] and Hungary [41], introduced fiscal measures, such as a tax on junk food. The tax in Mexico has already demonstrated a positive effect with significant declines in the purchases of several categories of UPF [39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cost of Diets According to Their Caloric Share of Ultraprocessed and Minimally Processed Foods in Belgium

et al. 2020

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Background: This study estimated the monetary cost of diets with higher and lower caloric shares of ultraprocessed food products (UPF) and unprocessed/minimally processed foods (MPF) in Belgium for various sociodemographic groups. Methods: Data from the latest nationally representative Food Consumption Survey (FCS) 2014–2015 (n = 3146; 3–64 years) were used. Dietary data were collected through two nonconsecutive 24-hour recalls (food diaries for children). Average prices for >2000 food items (year 2014) were derived from GfK ConsumerScan panel data and linked with foods consumed in the FCS. Foods eaten were categorized by their extent of processing using the NOVA classification. The average caloric share (percentage of daily energy intake) of UPF and MPF were calculated. The mean diet cost was compared across the UPF and MPF contribution tertiles, using linear regression. Results: The average price per 100 kcal for UPF was significantly cheaper (EUR 0.55; 95%CI = 0.45–0.64) than for MPF (EUR 1.29; 95% CI = 1.27–1.31). UPF contributed between 21.9% (female adults) and 29.9% (young boys), while MPF contributed between 29.5% (male adolescents) and 42.3% (female adults) to the daily dietary cost. The contribution of MPF to the daily dietary cost was significantly higher for individuals with a higher household education level compared to those with a lower household education level (p < 0.01). Adjusted for covariates, the average dietary cost per 2000 kcal was significantly lower for individuals in the highest compared to the lowest tertile for the proportion of daily energy consumed from UPF (EUR −0.37 ± 0.13; p = 0.006), and significantly higher for individuals in the highest compared to the lowest tertile for proportion of daily energy consumed from MPF (EUR 1.18 ± 0.12, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Diets with a larger caloric share of UPF were significantly cheaper than those with a lower contribution of these products, while the opposite was found for MPF. Policies that improve relative affordability and accessibility of MPF are recommended.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cost of Diets According to Their Caloric Share of Ultraprocessed and Minimally Processed Foods in Belgium

et al. 2020

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“…The taxes had a differential effect by wealth in urban areas; households with lower wealth reduced the purchases of taxed products the most (40)(41)(42) . But the prices of taxed products did not increase substantially in rural areas, (43) and hence this policy had a lower effect in rural areas (44) . We found that the prevalence of overweight and obesity is still larger in urban areas compared with rural areas among children and adolescent women, but among adult women, there was no difference in the prevalence, or this was higher among rural areas for obesity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malnutrition prevalence among children and women of reproductive age in Mexico by wealth, education level, urban/rural area and indigenous ethnicity

Batis

Denova‐Gutiérrez

Estrada-Velasco

et al. 2020

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To compare the prevalence of malnutrition (undernutrition and excess weight) by wealth, education level, ethnicity and urban/rural areas in Mexican children and women of reproductive age. Design: We compared the prevalence of overweight, obesity, wasting/underweight, stunting/short stature and anaemia by socioeconomic and ethnic indicators. For each indicator, we estimated prevalence ratios (PR) adjusted by all other socioeconomic and ethnic indicators. We analysed if results differed by urban/rural areas. Setting: Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey 2012. Participants: Children <5 years, non-pregnant women 11–19 years and non-pregnant women 20–49 years (n 33 244). Results: In most age groups, belonging to non-indigenous households, with high wealth, high education and in urban areas were inversely associated with stunting or short stature (PR ranging from 0·40 to 0·83), and wealth and education were inversely associated with anaemia (PR ranging from 0·53 to 0·78). The prevalence of overweight was similar across subgroups among children <5 years; however, among women 11–19 years, wealth, non-indigenous household and urban areas were positively associated (PR ranging from 1·16 to 1·33); and among women 20–49 years, education was inversely associated (PR 0·83). Conclusions: Socially disadvantaged populations have a higher prevalence of undernutrition, whereas the prevalence of excess weight is either equal (children <5 years), slightly lower (women 11–19 years) or even higher (women 20–49 years) with lower education. These results highlight the need for specific actions to address social inequalities in malnutrition in the Mexican population.

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“…Although the HDNA is the first unhealthy food tax in the United States, there are examples of similar taxes (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8) internationally and in several large municipalities in the United States (9,10). Those taxes were typically higher than the 2% HDNA tax, and consumption and revenue decreased after enactments.…”

Section: Objectivementioning

confidence: 99%

The Navajo Nation Healthy Diné Nation Act: A Two Percent Tax on Foods of Minimal-to-No Nutritious Value, 2015–2019

et al. 2020

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What is already known on this topic? Food and beverage taxation may be a cost-effective public health strategy, but no unhealthy food tax has been implemented in the United States or among a tribal nation at high risk for chronic conditions. What is added by this report? The Healthy Diné Nation Act, a 2% tax on unhealthy foods, generated over $13,000 annually per Navajo rural community for local wellness programming, of which 99.1% was disbursed. An average 3% revenue decrease was recorded each year with no retail-related sales tax decline. What are the implications for public health practice? Successful disbursements suggest feasibility of unhealthy foods policies in a sovereign tribal nation that serves an indigenous population at high risk for common chronic conditions.

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Reduction in purchases of energy-dense nutrient-poor foods in Mexico associated with the introduction of a tax in 2014

Cited by 49 publications

References 17 publications

The Cost of Diets According to Their Caloric Share of Ultraprocessed and Minimally Processed Foods in Belgium

The Cost of Diets According to Their Caloric Share of Ultraprocessed and Minimally Processed Foods in Belgium

Malnutrition prevalence among children and women of reproductive age in Mexico by wealth, education level, urban/rural area and indigenous ethnicity

The Navajo Nation Healthy Diné Nation Act: A Two Percent Tax on Foods of Minimal-to-No Nutritious Value, 2015–2019

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