Reduction in HPV 16/18 prevalence among young women following HPV vaccine          introduction in a highly vaccinated district, Japan, 2008–2017

Karube, Akihiro; Saito, Fumiko; Nakamura, Enami; Shitara, Akihiro; Ono, Naoaki; Konno, Megumi; Tamura, Daisuke; Nagao, Daisuke

doi:10.2185/jrm.2986

Cited by 18 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(55 reference statements)

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“…Some reports have shown the protective effectiveness of HPV vaccines against HPV infections and intraepithelial lesions in Japan 17‐26 . Except for the study by Kudo and colleagues, they are based on the memory of vaccination history.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some reports have shown the protective effectiveness of HPV vaccines against HPV infections and intraepithelial lesions in Japan. [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] Except for the study by Kudo and colleagues, they are based on the memory of vaccination history. Kudo and colleagues estimated the vaccine efficacy of HPV 16/18 infection prevention.…”

Section: F I G U R E 2 Patient Enrollment Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human papillomavirus vaccine to prevent cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in Japan: A nationwide case‐control study

et al. 2020

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Cervical cancer remains among the most common cancers in women worldwide and can be prevented by vaccination. The Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan suspended active recommendation of regular human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines in 2013 because of various symptoms including chronic pain and motor impairment. This nationwide case‐control study from April 2013 to March 2017 targeted women aged 20‐24 years old at cervical screening. We compared HPV vaccination exposure between those with abnormal and normal cytology. Abnormal cytology was classified based on the results of histological test and we calculated the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of the above endpoints and vaccination exposure using the conditional logistic regression model and estimated vaccine effectiveness using the formula (1 – OR) × 100. A total of 2483 cases and 12 296 controls (one‐to‐five matching) were eligible in 31 municipalities in Japan. The distribution of histological abnormalities among cases was 797 CIN1 (including dysplasia) (32.1%), 165 CIN2 (6.7%), 44 CIN3 (1.8%), and eight squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (0.3%). The OR of HPV vaccination compared with no vaccination for abnormal cytology, CIN1+, CIN2+, and CIN3+ versus controls was 0.42 (95% CI, 0.34‐0.50), 0.42 (95% CI, 0.31‐0.58), 0.25 (95% CI, 0.12‐0.54), and 0.19 (95% CI, 0.03‐1.15), respectively, equating to a vaccine effectiveness of 58.5%, 57.9%, 74.8%, and 80.9%, respectively. Eight patients had SCC, none was vaccinated. This nationwide case‐control study in Japan demonstrated a substantial risk reduction in abnormal cytology and CIN among women who did versus those who did not receive HPV vaccination.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: F I G U R E 2 Patient Enrollment Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human papillomavirus vaccine to prevent cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in Japan: A nationwide case‐control study

et al. 2020

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“…Among women with CIN2 and CIN2+, the prevalence of HPV-16/18 decreased from 30.0% to 2.7% and from 81.8% to 36.4%, respectively. The HPV-16/18 positive rate was significantly decreased (68.2%) in the group aged 18-27 with a high vaccination rate, but the prevalence of HPV in the other age group with lower vaccine coverage (25-49 years) did not significantly differ between eras (15).…”

Section: Effectiveness Of Hpv Vaccination In Asiamentioning

confidence: 81%

Overview of the Efficacy of Human Papillomavirus Virus Vaccines

Seong¹,

Ryou²

2020

jbv

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Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the main cause of cervical cancer and major viruses related to carcinogenesis in various malignant diseases such as cervical cancer, vaginal cancer, vulvar cancer, anal cancer, and head and neck cancer. Cervical cancer is the second most prevalent female cancer in the world and the fourth in Korea. Prophylactic HPV vaccines in widespread use include the used in South Korea to prevent cervical cancer are bivalent (2-valent HPV vaccine; Cervarix), quadrivalent (4-valent HPV vaccine; Gardasil), and nonavalent (9-valent HPV vaccine; Gardasil9). Since HPV vaccines the first approval in 2006, 115 countries have include HPV vaccines in their national immunization programs, that its preventive effect is as much as 70%, and that the incidence of high-risk types of HPV has gradually decreased. According to HPV cohort studies in Korea, about 26% of adult women have an HPV vaccination history and show a low incidence of HPV-16/18 genotypes compared to unvaccinated women. In the countries that National Immunization Programs for HPV vaccine were conducted earlier than in Korea, the safety, efficacy, and effectiveness of HPV vaccines have been reported. Therefore, it is considered that basic research including an analysis of the effectiveness of HPV vaccines for policy decisions related to the expanding the HPV vaccine coverage and introducing of new vaccine in the future.

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“…These results confirm the efficacy of HPV catch-up vaccination and the existence of herd immunity following the introduction of national HPV vaccination campaigns. [5][6][7][8][9] But neither vaccination (even with the more recent Gardasil 9-valent HPV vaccine 10 ) nor herd immunity currently protect against all high-risk HPV types or the associated high grade cervical disease. This emphasises the need to maintain cervical screening alongside HPV vaccination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HPV Catch-up Vaccination is Effective but Cervical Screening Should Continue

Hallam¹

2021

J Immunol Sci

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This short communication reports additional research that extends the previously published article - Commentary: HPV Catch-Up Vaccination Reduces the Prevalence of HPV 16 and 18 Infections and Cervical Disease: A Retrospective Study.1 One limitation of that study was uncertainty as to whether the catch-up cohort had actually received HPV (human papillomavirus) vaccination. That information has now been obtained. 87 (59%) of the 147 patients in the catch-up cohort had received at least one dose of HPV bivalent vaccine. 69 of these (representing 79% of those vaccinated) had received three doses (as recommended at the time). Both the vaccinated and unvaccinated subsets of the catch-up cohort show a significant reduction in the prevalence of HPV 16 and/or 18 (with/without other high-risk types 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66 and 68) and of high grade cervical disease compared to an earlier unvaccinated cohort. These results confirm the efficacy of HPV catch-up vaccination and the existence of herd immunity following the introduction of national HPV vaccination campaigns. However, 34 patients (23%) in the catch-up cohort had high grade disease (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia [CIN] 2 or worse), 16 of whom had been vaccinated (12 with three doses, one with two doses and three with one dose of HPV bivalent vaccine) and four of those vaccinated had HPV 16 and/or 18 (with/without other high-risk types), the rest had other HPV high risk types. This emphasises the importance of maintaining cervical screening alongside HPV vaccination.

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Reduction in HPV 16/18 prevalence among young women following HPV vaccine introduction in a highly vaccinated district, Japan, 2008–2017

Cited by 18 publications

References 35 publications

Human papillomavirus vaccine to prevent cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in Japan: A nationwide case‐control study

Human papillomavirus vaccine to prevent cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in Japan: A nationwide case‐control study

Overview of the Efficacy of Human Papillomavirus Virus Vaccines

HPV Catch-up Vaccination is Effective but Cervical Screening Should Continue

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