Reduction in ERRα is associated with lichen sclerosus and vulvar squamous cell carcinoma

From Normal Skin to Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Quest for Novel Biomarkers

“…Downregulation of galectin-7 and high wee1 expressions was found to correlate with advanced clinical stage, poor tumor differentiation, and regional lymph node metastasis [94, 95]. Moreover, a gradual reduction into disappearance of estrogen-related receptor- α expression was observed from healthy vulva to precursor lesions and further to SCC [157]. Among these, cofilin-I was proposed as a potential target alone for therapeutic intervention as cofilin-I silencing by siRNA significantly reduced cell progression in vulvae SCC [93].…”

Oestrogen receptor can be expressed by normal and dysplastic anal squamous epithelia but only rarely by anal squamous cell carcinoma

“…The expression of ER in background squamous epithelium of both the female and male anal canal has been reported previously . This author is unaware of any previous study of ER positivity among AIN/ASIL, although ER is expressed by a proportion of VIN and CIN cases . Studies of the female genital tract have demonstrated a general reduction in ER positivity along the progression from normal to dysplastic squamous epithelium to SCC .…”

“…Neither p16 nor human papillomavirus (HPV) studies can be used, as both anal and female genital tract SCCs are usually HPV‐driven and therefore overexpress p16. Previous immunohistochemical studies have shown that 36–65% of cervical or vulval SCC express oestrogen receptor (ER) . There are several subtypes of ER, including alpha, beta and gamma, but the most commonly studied is the alpha subtype.…”

“…Previous immunohistochemical studies have shown that 36–65% of cervical or vulval SCC express oestrogen receptor (ER) . There are several subtypes of ER, including alpha, beta and gamma, but the most commonly studied is the alpha subtype. Therefore, and unless the subtype had been specified, the term ER is presumed to have referred to the alpha subtype, as it will hereafter.…”

“…This author is unaware of any previous study of ER positivity among AIN/ASIL, although ER is expressed by a proportion of VIN and CIN cases . Studies of the female genital tract have demonstrated a general reduction in ER positivity along the progression from normal to dysplastic squamous epithelium to SCC . It has therefore been suggested that loss of such receptor expression is important in the pathogenesis of vulvar or cervical carcinogenesis …”