Reduction in 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D in Children with Increased Lead Absorption

Rosen, John F.; Chesney, Russell W.; Hamstra, Alan J.; DeLuca, Hector F.; Mahaffey, Kathryn R.

doi:10.1056/nejm198005153022006

Cited by 177 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The lowered serum total cholesterol level reported earlier in Buffalo rats on experimental lead toxicity (12) along with our observation in this study strengthens the inhibitory role of lead on cholesterol metabolism. But the actual mechanism of decrease in serum total cholesterol is not clear in this study apart from earlier report on low level synthesis of 1,25(OH) 2 cholecalciferol from cholesterol, a precursor of vitamin D, in moderate levels of lead toxicity (16). Cholesterol in reasonable quantities is critical to good health as it is a component of cell membranes, is found in all body tissues, and is converted into various hormones.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 65%

Blood zinc protoporphyrin, serum total protein, and total cholesterol levels in automobile workshop workers in relation to lead toxicity: Our experience

Pachathundikandi

Varghese

2006

Indian J Clin Biochem

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 65%

Blood zinc protoporphyrin, serum total protein, and total cholesterol levels in automobile workshop workers in relation to lead toxicity: Our experience

Pachathundikandi

Varghese

2006

Indian J Clin Biochem

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“…At blood lead levels below 25 jxg/dL, lead inhibits the metabolic activation of vitamin D, a transformation which takes place in these cells (17). Also in these cells, at blood lead levels of 40 to 80 ug/dL, lead induces the formation of dense intranuclear inclusion bodies consisting of a lead-protein complex (25).…”

Section: Renal Ibxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the laboratory, increasingly sensitive biochemical and physiologic probes have been developed. These, probes can identify subtle lead-induced injury to such functions as red blood cell enzyme activity, neurologic responsiveness, and renal metabolism (14)(15)(16)(17). Epidemiologists, for their part, have mastered the prospective study (18)(19)(20).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current issues in the epidemiology and toxicology of occupational exposure to lead.

Landrigan

1990

Environ Health Perspect

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Occupational exposure to lead is widespread in the United States. Clinically evident lead poisoning as well as subclinical toxicity occur in populations with occupational lead exposure. The focus of current research on lead toxicity in industrial populations is in the definition of dose-response relationships, particularly at low levels of exposure. Major interest surrounds the development of biochemical and physiologic markers of subclinical toxicity. Need exists to better delineate the toxicity of lead on the peripheral and central nervous system, the kidneys, the cardiovascular system, and the reproductive organs using newly developed markers 'lb obtain more accurate information on cumulative individual exposure to lead, future research on lead toxicity will increasingly use X-ray fluorescence analysis for determination of the lead content in bone.

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“…Siegel et al (1989) point out that lead poisoning has been associated with numerous endocrine manifestations in adults including decreased pituitary and adrenal function, gonadal effects, and depressed thyroid function. In leadpoisoned children, symptoms of endocrine dysfunction include impaired hepatic metabolism of cortisol (Saenger et al, 19841, elevated somatomedin activity (Rohn et al, 1982), and impaired synthesis of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D Rosen et al, 1980). Whether subtoxic levels of lead can produce similar effects is not known.…”

Section: Yearbook Of Physical Anthropologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of pollutants on human prenatal and postnatal growth: Noise, lead, polychlorobiphenyl compounds, and toxic wastes

Schell

1991

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

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Industrialization is a major force altering the environment for human habitation. Pollution from industrialization may pose new adaptive challenges for Homo sapiens as well as for other species. The study of human biological adaptation is a traditional area of physical anthropology, but until recently it has not focused on the adaptative challenges of the modern anthropogenic environment. By combining research from anthropology, epidemiology, and public health, it is possible to gauge some of the effects of pollution on human health and adaptation. This review focuses on human growth as a measure of health and a component of human adaptability. Considerable evidence now exists for an adverse impact of lead, noise, and polychlorinated biphenyls on human growth, either prenatal, postnatal, or both. There is substantial replication of results among studies, many of which differ in exposure assessment and classification, sample composition and size, and statistical techniques. Because of this amongstudy variation, specifying the exact amount of growth retardation due to a pollutant is difficult, but the direction and often the magnitude of the effect is similar across studies. There remain numerous barriers to more definitive research on environmental pollutants and health outcomes of importance to biological anthropologists. These are discussed also.Industrial pollution has rapidly and tremendously altered the environment for human habitation. Until industrialization, contaminant levels in the environment and in people were probably quite low. The possible exceptions are few. Lead from poorly fired pottery (Nriagu, 1983) and indoor air pollution from ineffectively drafted hearths (Eisenbud, 1978) may have been the main pollutants a t different times. With the development of craft specialists, occupational exposure began, and from this origin, pollutant levels grew with production. Compared to crafts techniques, industrialization represents a quantum leap in production and in contamination.The environment today contains new materials and old materials at concentrations much higher than people have ever encountered before. Exposure in the home and work place has become routine. A crucial feature of the new exposure pattern is that children are exposed also. The exposure may occur postnatally, or prenatally through passage of contaminants across the placenta. Human physical growth and development is known to be sensitive to a variety of environmental influences. Though early observations on the ecosensitivity of 0 1991 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 158 YEARBOOK OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY[Vol. 34, 1991 growth may have been anecdotal, research over the last century has documented specific environmental features associated with variation in the pattern of human growth (Tanner, 1962;Bogin, 1988). The physical influences of temperature, hypoxia, and season of the year, as well as numerous social arrangements and characteristics, including parents' occupations and incomes, birth order, family size, and urban versus rural resid...

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Reduction in 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D in Children with Increased Lead Absorption

Cited by 177 publications

References 28 publications

Blood zinc protoporphyrin, serum total protein, and total cholesterol levels in automobile workshop workers in relation to lead toxicity: Our experience

Blood zinc protoporphyrin, serum total protein, and total cholesterol levels in automobile workshop workers in relation to lead toxicity: Our experience

Current issues in the epidemiology and toxicology of occupational exposure to lead.

Effects of pollutants on human prenatal and postnatal growth: Noise, lead, polychlorobiphenyl compounds, and toxic wastes

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