2021
DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.06.001
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Reduction and exhausted features of T lymphocytes under serological changes, and prognostic factors in COVID-19 progression

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Cited by 37 publications
(34 citation statements)
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“…Taken together, the findings: ( i ) confirmed previous reports demonstrating broad early lymphopenia (and leukocytosis) in severely ill COVID-19 patients (11-15, 66, 67); ( ii ) demonstrated that the decrease of bulk CD3 + T cell lymphocytes numbers (affecting both CD4 + and CD8 + T cells equally) in severely ill COVID-19 patients was one major cause of this lymphopenia, but more importantly; ( iii ) that SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4 + and CD8 + T cells responding to conserved epitopes from structural, non-structural and regulatory protein antigens were even more reduced (particularly decreased relative to total reduction in T cells) in severely ill patients and in COVID-19 patients with fatal outcomes, this soon after reporting their first symptoms.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 89%
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“…Taken together, the findings: ( i ) confirmed previous reports demonstrating broad early lymphopenia (and leukocytosis) in severely ill COVID-19 patients (11-15, 66, 67); ( ii ) demonstrated that the decrease of bulk CD3 + T cell lymphocytes numbers (affecting both CD4 + and CD8 + T cells equally) in severely ill COVID-19 patients was one major cause of this lymphopenia, but more importantly; ( iii ) that SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4 + and CD8 + T cells responding to conserved epitopes from structural, non-structural and regulatory protein antigens were even more reduced (particularly decreased relative to total reduction in T cells) in severely ill patients and in COVID-19 patients with fatal outcomes, this soon after reporting their first symptoms.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 89%
“…We also report here that an early and broad lymphopenia positively correlated with COVID-19 disease severity and mortality, consistent with previous reports(66). Moreover, our study also confirmed previous reports of broad leukocytosis combined with T cell lymphopenia in severe COVID-19 patients and extended those findings by demonstrating the observed T cell lymphopenia was particularly apparent for SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells (11-15, 66, 67). Moreover, compared with asymptomatic COVID-19 patients, severely ill symptomatic patients and patients with fatal outcomes exhibited high frequencies of exhausted PD-1 + TIM3 + TIGIT + CTLA4 + CD4 + and PD-1 + TIM3 + TIGIT + CTLA4 + CD8 + T cells.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 92%
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“…The cytokine storm has been considered an important contributor to ARDS and it causes mortality for the grave SARS-CoV-2 infection cases ( Vaninov, 2020 ). The cytokine storm represents an excessive systemic inflammatory reaction where pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-17, interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and chemokines are generated fast in large amounts in order to provide protection against SARS-CoV infection ( Channappanavar and Perlman, 2017 ; Mahmoodpoor et al, 2021 ). T-cells have the most important part in the clearance of viruses because CD8 + cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) secrete perforin, granzymes, and IFN-γ to eliminate them from the host ( Etemadi et al, 2021 ).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Mechanisms that may aggravate health conditions of patients with comorbidities infected with SARS-CoV-2 include chronical physiological changes related with chronical disease such as altered metabolism and/or immunity, which may lead to thrombosis and cytokine storm [ 28 ]. The host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection has an important role in the outcome of COVID-19 [ 29 ]. At the molecular level, SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to an inflammation state mainly manifested by an increase in interleukin (IL)-2, IL-7, interferon gamma (INFγ), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) [ 30 ] and suppression of NF-kB (nuclear factor kappa B) activity, resulting in decreased expression of COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2) [ 31 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%