Reducing the Seismic Vulnerability of Existing Buildings: Assessment and Retrofit

Ferreira, Tiago Miguel; Mendes, Nuno; Silva, Rui André Martins

doi:10.3390/buildings9060148

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…The use of metal fasteners or profiles to prevent rocking of wall panels is not new. Steel ties have been used from the 19th century for this purpose in many areas of Europe (Caniglia and Barna 1992;Ferreira et al 2019). Wrapping of masonry domes at the base (abutments) using steel bars is another traditional intervention used to absorb the thrust.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Out-of-plane reinforcement of masonry walls using joint-embedded steel cables

Corradi

Speranzini

Bisciotti³

2020

Bull Earthquake Eng

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The out-of-plane mechanism (rocking) of walls often causes fatalities and collapses of historic buildings during earthquakes. This paper addresses the problem of assessing the seismic resistance of walls subjected to out-of-plane bending, before and after reinforcement. A new retrofitting method, consisting in the use of high-strength steel cables fully embedded in the mortar bed joints was studied. An experimental investigation using fullscale brickwork specimens was therefore conducted in an attempt to assess the walls' structural response when these are subject to out-of-plane loads. Test results demonstrated that it is possible to increase the out-of-plane capacity with the proposed method. A simplified macro-element procedure is also presented along with recommendations for the calculation of the walls' capacity before and after the application of the steel cable reinforcement. Predictions of the magnitude of horizontal force required to cause out-of-plane failure using the proposed procedure and quasi-static analysis procedures are compared with the results of laboratory experiments.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Out-of-plane reinforcement of masonry walls using joint-embedded steel cables

Corradi

Speranzini

Bisciotti³

2020

Bull Earthquake Eng

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“…If the building is deemed earthquake prone, owners are mandated to strengthen their buildings to the minimum requirement within a specified timeframe or the building will be demolished (MBIE, 2017). Ferreira et al (2019) and Messali et al (2017) discuss that seismic risk was not very well considered before World War II. Many NZ and international buildings prior to this period were built without anti-seismic provisions.…”

Section: Seismicmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many NZ and international buildings prior to this period were built without anti-seismic provisions. This was reinforced by the lack of seismic codes around and prior to this period (Ferreira et al, 2019), (Messali et al, 2017). Ferreira et al (2019), Messali et al (2017) and Wenk et al (2008), argue that many buildings built around this time had structural deficiencies such as low and brittle tensile strength of materials as many buildings of that period were built of mortar, brick, or stone.…”

Section: Seismicmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This was reinforced by the lack of seismic codes around and prior to this period (Ferreira et al, 2019), (Messali et al, 2017). Ferreira et al (2019), Messali et al (2017) and Wenk et al (2008), argue that many buildings built around this time had structural deficiencies such as low and brittle tensile strength of materials as many buildings of that period were built of mortar, brick, or stone. They were not designed or constructed to withstand significant seismic forces (Ferreira et al, 2019), (Messali et al, 2017), (Wenk et al, 2008).…”

Section: Seismicmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ferreira et al (2019), Messali et al (2017) and Wenk et al (2008), argue that many buildings built around this time had structural deficiencies such as low and brittle tensile strength of materials as many buildings of that period were built of mortar, brick, or stone. They were not designed or constructed to withstand significant seismic forces (Ferreira et al, 2019), (Messali et al, 2017), (Wenk et al, 2008). In addition, many masonry structures were not reinforced, causing high seismic vulnerability (Messali et al, 2017).…”

Section: Seismicmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Framework for Refurbishment - Enhancing Social Spaces, Thermal Comfort and Seismic Performance in the Refurbishment of Modernist Social Housing.

Pells¹

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Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ) has a stock of social housing developments built between 1940-1980, requiring substantial refurbishment to meet current thermal comfort and seismic performance requirements. Additionally, these developments often lack social spaces that are inadequate to changing societal circumstances. Consequently, there is a desire to demolish rather than refurbish. The situation will be exacerbated by the new Healthy Homes Standards (Tenancy Services, 2020) to be introduced 1st July 2023. The new standard will require social housing providers to ensure dwellings can be heated to a minimum of 18°C. There are exemplar social housing refurbishments in NZ, but there is a lack of systematic assessment to inform and increase uptake of refurbishment as a development option. This research proposes a systematic framework for the refurbishment of modernist social housing developments in NZ, whereby enhancement of social space, thermal comfort and seismic performance are combined. This framework will facilitate application of maximum building performance and liveability standards, which can be generated with minimal intervention. The research comprises six stages: a literature review, a case study analysis (refurbished and non-refurbished social housing projects) leading to a comparative matrix, a design assessment tool, testing of the design tool in a non-refurbished project (Arlington Flats). The literature is analysed to determine the quality and importance of social spaces, thermal comfort, and seismic performance in social housing, as well as best practice design principles to enhance them. Five refurbished social housing case studies (international and NZ) are evaluated, to determine what design strategies led to their success. In addition, six non-refurbished case study projects are analysed to form a comparative matrix to synthesise common topics and problems. Aspects analysed range from urban and dwelling typology, social spaces and structure to construction and building envelope details. The matrix captures areas of similarities and weaknesses and establishes areas of focus to enhance social space, thermal comfort, and seismic performance to be achieved most efficiently. Based on the findings, a design tool is established. The tool is a set of best practice design principles and strategies, represented in a table for designers and stakeholders to use. The tool demonstrates how to best achieve enhancement of social space, thermal comfort, and seismic performance within each identified area of focus. The design tool is utilised to inform design decision making in one of the analysed non-refurbished case studies, namely Arlington Flats. A detailed design is generated for Arlington’s George Porter Tower using the design assessment tool. The research can inform decisions around refurbishment of existing social housing. An increase in the uptake and quality of refurbishments, will contribute to preserving built heritage, increase resident’s health and safety, and reduce resource and energy footprints of housing in NZ.

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Vibration control systems: A review of their application to historical unreinforced masonry buildings

Nochebuena-Mora

Mendes

Lourenço

et al. 2021

Journal of Building Engineering

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Reducing the Seismic Vulnerability of Existing Buildings: Assessment and Retrofit

Abstract: Devastating seismic events occurring all over the world keep raising the awareness of the scientific, technical and political communities to the need of identifying assets at risk and developing more effective and cost-efficient seismic risk mitigation strategies [...]

Cited by 4 publications

References 10 publications

Out-of-plane reinforcement of masonry walls using joint-embedded steel cables

Out-of-plane reinforcement of masonry walls using joint-embedded steel cables

Framework for Refurbishment - Enhancing Social Spaces, Thermal Comfort and Seismic Performance in the Refurbishment of Modernist Social Housing.

Vibration control systems: A review of their application to historical unreinforced masonry buildings

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