“…A range of individual factors, including old age and high physiological susceptibility due to pre-existing health conditions or use of medications, heat-protective behavior, and factors associated with socioeconomic status, such as living alone, housing conditions, and social contacts, are all associated with pronounced heat mortality and morbidity [ 14 ]. In addition to these epidemiological studies, there is a growing number of studies on subjective experiences of heat stress [ 10 , 12 , 14 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ]. These studies find that elderly people often do not associate heat vulnerability with old age per se, but associate heat stress with social isolation, health impairments, reduced mobility, asset context and diversity, feelings of being helplessly exposed to heat, and housing conditions such as poor insulation, living on the top floor or in the attic, and limited access to green space and cooling devices.…”