Reducing the residue of retractions in evidence synthesis: Ways to minimize inappropriate citation and use of retracted data

Abstract

The incorporation of publications that have been retracted is a risk in reliable evidence synthesis. Retraction is an important mechanism for correcting the literature and protecting its integrity. Within the medical literature, the continued citation of retracted publications occurs for a variety of reasons. Recent evidence suggests that systematic reviews and meta-analyses often unwittingly cite retracted publications which, at least in some cases, may significantly impact quantitative effect estimates in meta-analyses. There is strong evidence that authors of systematic reviews and meta-analyses may be unaware of the retracted status of publications and treat them as if they are not retracted. These problems are difficult to address for several reasons: identifying retracted publications is important but logistically challenging; publications may be retracted while a review is in preparation or in press; and problems with a publication may also be discovered after the evidence synthesis is published. We propose a set of concrete actions that stakeholders (e.g., scientists, peer-reviewers, journal editors) might take in the near-term, and that research funders, citation management systems, and databases and search engines might take in the longer term to limit the impact of retracted primary studies on evidence syntheses.

Writing for Pediatric Critical Care Medicine: Engaging With Citations to References in the Chatbot Generative Pre-Trained Transformer Era

“…Second, to ensure that PCCM will continue to seek out expert reviewers for submitted reports who will help us with the most contemporary knowledge. Finally, to use the pre-acceptance editorial review to fact check the reference list for accuracy, which will guard against publishing citations to retracted material and the risk of AI hallucination (34).…”